A Cluster Randomized Trial of Primary Care Practice Redesign to Integrate Behavioral Health for Those Who Need It Most: Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions.

Purpose: Patient outcomes can improve when primary care and behavioral health providers use a collaborative system of care, but integrating these services is difficult. We tested the effectiveness of a practice intervention for improving patient outcomes by enhancing integrated behavioral health (IBH) activities.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial.

Bring your spouse: Brief multifamily group outcome for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective: There has been little evidence supporting the efficacy of psychoeducation as a stand-alone approach to alleviate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the efficacy of a stand-alone psychoeducation PTSD intervention using a group format that incorporated the option of bringing an emotional support person to sessions.

Method: PTSD 102 is an eight-session, 1-hr, weekly intervention for veterans and their family members.

Integrating Behavioral Health and Primary Care (IBH-PC) to improve patient-centered outcomes in adults with multiple chronic medical and behavioral health conditions: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster-randomized control trial.

Background: Chronic diseases that drive morbidity, mortality, and health care costs are largely influenced by human behavior. Behavioral health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders can often be effectively managed. The majority of patients in need of behavioral health care are seen in primary care, which often has difficulty responding.

Scalable and Phosphine-Free Conversion of Alcohols to Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds through the Blue Light-Promoted Iodination Reaction.

One of the fundamental and highly valuable transformations in organic chemistry is the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols. Traditionally, these reactions require strategies that employ stoichiometric hazardous reagents and are associated with difficulty in purification of the by-products. To overcome these challenges, here, we report a simple route toward the diverse conversion of alcohols via an S2 pathway, in which blue light-promoted iodination is used to form alkyl iodide intermediates from simple unreactive alcohols.

Barriers to careers identified by women in academic surgery: A grounded theory model.

Background: Faculty attrition has been widely acknowledged and poorly understood throughout academic medicine. To date, barriers to career advancement in academic surgery have been identified and described in a limited fashion using only survey data. The authors sought to characterize career barriers for women academic surgeons using grounded theory methodology.

Teach students, Empower patients, Act collaboratively and Meet health goals: an early interprofessional clinical experience in transformed care.

Purpose: Transformation of care teaching is often didactic and conceptual instead of practical and operational. Clinical environments, slow to transform, limit student exposure to key experiences that characterize transformed care. We describe the design and implementation of TEAM Clinic (Teach students, Empower patients, Act collaboratively, Meet health goals) - an early clinical learning experience to address this gap.

An examination of the perceived impact of a continuing interprofessional education experience on opiate prescribing practices.

Chronic pain is increasingly recognized as a public health problem. We assessed the effectiveness of a multi-modal, interprofessional educational approach aimed at empowering healthcare professionals to make deliberative changes, especially in opiate prescribing practices. Education activities included enduring webcasts, regional interprofessional roundtable events, and state-level conference presentations within targeted Kentucky and West Virginia regions of the United States.

Characteristics of Effective Mentorship for Academic Surgeons: A Grounded Theory Model.

Objective: The authors sought to describe characteristics of effective mentoring relationships in academic surgery based upon lived experiences of mid-career and senior female academic surgeons.

Background: Prior qualitative work describes characteristics of successful mentoring relationships. However, no model exists of effective mentorship that is specific to academic surgery.

Real-World Massage Therapy Produces Meaningful Effectiveness Signal for Primary Care Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Results of a Repeated Measures Cohort Study.

Objective: While efficacy of massage and other nonpharmacological treatments for chronic low back pain is established, stakeholders have called for pragmatic studies of effectiveness in "real-world" primary health care. The Kentucky Pain Research and Outcomes Study evaluated massage impact on pain, disability, and health-related quality of life for primary care patients with chronic low back pain. We report effectiveness and feasibility results, and make comparisons with established minimal clinically important differences.

Effects of disruptive surgeon behavior in the operating room.

Background: Surgeons are the physician group most commonly identified as "disruptive physicians." The aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model of the results of disruptive surgeon behavior and to identify the coping strategies used by perioperative staff.

Methods: Perspectives of 19 individuals of diverse occupations in the perioperative setting were drawn together using a grounded theory methodology.

Using the Pragmatic-Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary (PRECIS) model in clinical research: Application to refine a practice-based research network (PBRN) study.

Background: Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) are increasingly recommended to evaluate interventions in real-world conditions. Although PCTs share a common approach of evaluating variables from actual clinical practice, multiple characteristics can differ. These differences affect interpretation of the trial.

A model of disruptive surgeon behavior in the perioperative environment.

Background: Surgeons are the physicians with the highest rates of documented disruptive behavior. We hypothesized that a unified conceptual model of disruptive surgeon behavior could be developed based on specific individual and system factors in the perioperative environment.

Study Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 operating room staff of diverse occupations at a single institution.

The Intersection of Massage Practice and Research: Community Massage Therapists as Research Personnel on an NIH-funded Effectiveness Study.

Introduction: Few NIH funded studies give community massage therapists the opportunity to become study personnel. A recent NIH/NCCAM-funded study investigating chronic low back pain (CLBP) recruited, trained, and utilized community massage practitioners (CMPs) as study personnel. This study's aim was to determine whether health-related outcomes for CLBP improve when patients are referred from primary care to select CAM modalities including massage therapy (MT).

Barriers to advancement in academic surgery: views of senior residents and early career faculty.

Background: A significant faculty attrition rate exists in academic surgery. The authors hypothesized that senior residents and early-career faculty members have different perceptions of advancement barriers in academic surgery.

Methods: A modified version of the Career Barriers Inventory-Revised was administered electronically to surgical residents and early-career surgical faculty members at 8 academic medical centers.

Perceived gender-based barriers to careers in academic surgery.

Background: Women represent roughly 50% of US medical students and one third of US surgery residents. Within academic surgery departments, however, women are disproportionately underrepresented, particularly at senior levels. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that female surgeons perceive different barriers to academic careers relative to their male colleagues.

Conductance features in point contact Andreev reflection spectra.

Point contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) spectroscopy is a common technique for determining the spin polarization of a ferromagnetic sample. The polarization is extracted by measuring the bias dependence of the conductance of a metallic/superconducting point contact. Under ideal conditions, the conductance is dominated by Andreev reflection and the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) model can be used to extract a value for the polarization.

Impact of two types of Internet-based information on medical students' performance in an Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE).

Objectives: Internet-based information has potential to impact physician-patient relationships. This study examined medical students' interpretation and response to such information presented during an objective clinical examination.

Method: Ninety-three medical students who had received training for a patient centered response to inquiries about alternative treatments completed a comprehensive examination in their third year.

Toward Interdisciplinary Care: Bridging the Divide between Biomedical and Alternative Health Care Providers.

Purpose: Responding to suggestions that physicians are obligated to inquire fully about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its scientific evidence, to acknowledge patients' health beliefs and practices, and to accommodate diverse healing practices, our interdisciplinary CAM integration project created an advisory committee (AC) composed of CAM practitioners and institutional personnel to incorporate CAM- related information into health professions training. We report on the collaborative process and describe group members' perceptions of medicine and clinical teaching.

Methods: Information collected from the first two years' quarterly meetings, the first annual retreat, and other venues was analyzed in conjunction with semi-structured in-person interviews of 10 biomedical and CAM practitioner committee members.

The theory of planned behaviour in medical education: a model for integrating professionalism training.

Context: Teaching and evaluating professionalism remain important issues in medical education. However, two factors hinder attempts to integrate curricular elements addressing professionalism into medical school training: there is no common definition of medical professionalism used across medical education, and there is no commonly accepted theoretical model upon which to integrate professionalism into the curriculum.

Objectives: This paper proposes a definition of professionalism, examines this definition in the context of some of the previous definitions of professionalism and connects this definition to the attitudinal roots of professionalism.

CAM Curriculum Activities to Enhance Professionalism Training in Medical Schools.

Enhancing the professionalism of graduates is a major objective of most health care education institutions today. Educating conventional health care providers about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) may directly and indirectly improve trainee professionalism by expanding trainees' knowledge and appreciation of diverse health care beliefs and practices, improving physician-patient communication, enhancing self-care, and increasing sense of competence and job satisfaction. A survey based on professional competencies proposed by the Consortium of Academic Health Centers for Integrative Medicine was administered to the grantees of the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine R-25 CAM education project initiative.

Using complementary and alternative medicine curricular elements to foster medical student self-awareness.

Purpose: To determine the value that the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)-funded Education Project leaders placed on self-awareness objectives among their curricular activities, to identify projects' rationales for inclusion of self-awareness activities, and to describe curricular elements used to teach self-awareness.

Method: A survey was distributed to the NCCAM Education Project grantees in October 2006. Survey items sought to identify project directors' perceived importance of self-awareness activities in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) curricula, rationales for inclusion of self-awareness activities, and activities to foster self-awareness.