Type of intercept trap not important for capturing female Sirex noctilio and S. nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America.

Current detection tools for Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera Siricidae) in North America are poor. To determine the importance of intercept trap type for capturing females of S.

Spray nozzles, pressures, additives and stirring time on viability and pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: rhabditida) for greenhouses.

The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Three different models of spray nozzles with air induction (AI 11003, TTI 11003 and AD-IA 11004), three spray pressures (207, 413 and 720 kPa), four different additives for tank mixtures (cane molasses, mineral oil, vegetable oil and glycerin) and the influence of tank mixture stirring time were all evaluated for their effect on EPN (Steinernema feltiae) viability and pathogenicity. The different nozzles, at pressures of up to 620 kPa, were found to be compatible with S.

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HP88 for biological control of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae): the effect of different exposure times of engorged females to the nematodes.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different exposure times of engorged female the Rhipicephalus microplus to infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolate HP88. The engorged females were divided into seven groups (six treatments and one control) of 20 ticks each with statistically similar average weights (p>0.05) and exposed to concentrations of 300 nematodes/tick for periods of 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h.

Evaluation of the action of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) isolate HP88 on the biology of engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae).

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain HP88 on the biological parameters of the non-parasite phase of engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Six groups were formed, each containing 20 engorged females, which were exposed to the following concentrations of infective juveniles of this nematode: 0, 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 EPNs/female, respectively. The following biological parameters were observed: female weight before oviposition, egg mass weight, pre-oviposition period, oviposition period, survival period, hatching percentage, egg production index (%EPI), nutritional index (%NI) and efficacy of treatment.