Morphometric Analysis of the Greater Palatine Foramina in the Bosnia and Herzegovina Population.

Objective: The goal of this research was to examine the morphological characteristics and exact anatomical positioning of the greater palatine foramen (GPF), with reference to nearby anatomical landmarks.

Material And Method: The research was performed on dry human skulls belonging to the Bosnian and Herzegovina population, using digital vernier calipers. The study began by noting the GPF's position relative to the maxillary molars, then measuring its distance from the median palatine suture (MPS), the incisive fossa (IF), the posterior border of the hard palate (PBHP), and the posterior nasal spine (PNS).

Melatonin Protects the Histologic Structure of the Uterus in Conditions of Zearalenone Intake.

Background: Zearalenone is a widely spread mycotoxin, contaminant of most cereal grains. It has uterotropic, estrogenic and anabolic activity in farm animals. The results are hormonal disbalances as hyperestrogenism, Zearalenone inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone production, thus supressing ovarian follicle development and ovulation.

Styloid Process Length Variations: An Osteological Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the prevalence of an elongated styloid process in relation to side and gender.

Material And Method: The present study included 200 human skulls which were procured from the rich osteological collections of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The styloid process was observed macroscopically on both sides of all the skulls and elongations, if any, were noted.

Giant infrapatellar ganglion cyst of Hoffa's fat pad.

We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who works as a kindergarten teacher, often she is kneeling on her knees due to the nature of the job. Since a year ago, she noticed that her right knee was swelling. She had an orthopaedic examination when she could no longer bend her knee.

Changes in Splenic Volume After the Treadmill Exercise at Specific Workloads in Elite Long-Distance Runners and Recreational Runners.

Introduction: Spleen acts as blood reservoir both in animals and human beings. Spleen contracts during the exercise and so augment the systemic circulation and helps body to maintain longer on high intensity exercise. Reviewing all available literature, the human spleen shows a decrease in volume, in range from 8% to 56%, depending on the work intensity.

Splenic Localization of Primary Hydatid Cyst in a 27-Year-Old Sportsman Treated by PAIR Technique: Imaging Anatomy Assessment.

Introduction: In this paper, we report our experience with a case of primary hydatid cyst involving only the spleen in a 27-year-old sportsman treated by PAIR technique.

Case Report: Five years before, a 27-year-old handball player being admitted to our hospital, it was detected the cyst in his spleen which size was 35 x 30 mm in diameter, by abdominal ultrasound during a systematic examination. There was no pain or any other symptoms at that time.

Medical students' vs. family physicians' assessment of practical and logical values of pathophysiology multiple-choice questions.

Testing strategies can either have a very positive or negative effect on the learning process. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of consistency in evaluating the practicality and logic of questions from a medical school pathophysiology test, between students and family medicine doctors. The study engaged 77 family medicine doctors and 51 students.

Morphological aspects of myocardial bridges.

Although some myocardial bridges can be asymptomatic, their presence often causes coronary disease either through direct compression of the "tunnel" segment or through stimulation and accelerated development of atherosclerosis in the segment proximally to the myocardial bridge. The studied material contained 30 human hearts received from the Department of Anatomy. The hearts were preserved 3 to 5 days in 10% formalin solution.

Clinical and radiological morphometry of posterior parts of thoracic and lumbal vertebras.

The aim of this work is to measure clinically important dimensions of thoracic and lumbal vertebras. Charts of one-hundred and seventeen patients with implanted internal fixateur on the thoracic and lumbal spine between 01.01.

Anatomical variations and morphometric study of the optic strut and the anterior clinoid process.

The optic strut and the anterior clinoid process represent bony structures that are closely related to anatomically and clinically significant elements such as the cavernous sinus, the internal carotid artery, the optic nerve and the pituitary gland. The objective of our study was to quantify dimensions of the optic strut and anterior clinoid process, and to determine variations in positions and forms of these structures. A descriptive anatomical study was performed on 200 dry human skulls.

Intensity of the stimulating current may not be a reliable indicator of intraneural needle placement.

Background And Objectives: The current intensity at which a motor response is elicited with an intraneural needle placement has been inadequately studied. We hypothesized that electrical current delivered through an intraneurally placed needle does not always result in an evoked motor response. Our secondary objective was to determine the relationship between electrical current intensity and needle-to-nerve distance.

Injection pressure as a marker of intraneural injection in procedures of peripheral nerves blockade.

The blockade of peripheral nerves carries a certain risk of unwanted complications, which can follow after unintentional intraneural injection of a local anesthetic. Up till today, the research of measuring injection pressure has been based on animal models, even though the histological structure of periphery nerve is different for animal and human population, so the application pressure which presages intraneural injection in human population is still unknown. As material in performing this study there have been used 12 Wistar rats and 12 delivered stillborns.

Detection of neurovascular structures using injection pressure in blockade of brachial plexus in rat.

In the last few decades there has been a great development of regional anesthesia; all the postulates are defined and all the techniques of usage are perfected. However, like any other medical procedure, the block of brachial plexus carries a risk of certain unwanted complications, like possible intraneural and intravascular injections. The reason for great discrepancy between the injury of brachial plexus and other periphery nerves while performing the nerve blockade is the frequent usage of this block, but also the specific proximity of neurovascular structures in axilla.

Angiography analysis of variations of the posterior segment of the circle of willis.

Cerebral-vascular diseases present one of the leading problems of the modern mankind. They are followed by the risk of high mortality rate, and as such cause high level of disability with people who survive cerebral-vascular incident (stroke, apoplexy). Researches done so far proved that beginning, course and result of the cerebral-vascular diseases depend immensely of the possibility to establish collateral blood circulation and first of all on so called tertian level that is actually the circle of Willis.

Computed tomography review of the osseous structures of the orbital apex.

In this paper, we described osseous anatomy of the orbital apex using CT in axial and coronal projections. The main osseous landmarks facilitate the evaluation of orbital apex in radiology, especially on the axial and coronal CT scans. These landmarks include so called optic strut, small segment of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and upper part of the pterygopalatine fossa.

The principles of telemedicine in practice.

Telemedicine (distance medicine) represents a field of medicine that has been in a tremendous expansion over the last couple of years thanks to the fast development of telecommunications and reduction of their costs. It enables a direct communication (visual) between the peripheral hospitals and referral facilities in the interior of the country as well as a connection of centres with referral centres abroad in the fields of diagnostics, consultations or education. The main objective is to encourage interest in telemedicine among physicians and other health care experts, initiate an exchange of opinions, and experience about the application of telecommunication technology in medicine, so to reach a common perception of its role in the context of future development of the health care system in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Histological changes of the sciatic nerve in dogs after intraneural application of lidocaine--relation to the established application pressure.

Histological changes of sciatic nerve in adult dogs 7 days after single application of 2% lidocaine (4 ml dose, speed of injection 3 ml/min) and measurement of the application pressure was studied, with a goal to investigate structural changes of the nerve in relation to the established pressure values. The application pressure was determined by using Bio Bench software. In intrafascicular puncture an average application pressure of 198.

Presentation of variations in the anterior part of the circle of Willis as a result of MRI-angiography method.

As it is well known the beginning, the course and the result of the cerebral-vasculare disease depends on, among other stuff, the possibility of establishment of the brain collateral circulation. The Willis's artery circle based on brain is the most important anastomoses between the blood circulation of the both, carotid and basilar artery. However, in almost half of the cases of the examined circle of Willis, certain deviations from the normal anatomy configuration have been identified that immensely facilitate occurance of vascular diseases, because it makes difficult establishment of collateral blood circulation.

Combination of intraneural injection and high injection pressure leads to fascicular injury and neurologic deficits in dogs.

Background: Unintentional intraneural injection of local anesthetics may cause mechanical injury and pressure ischemia of the nerve fascicles. One study in small animals showed that intraneural injection may be associated with higher injection pressures. However, the pressure heralding an intraneural injection and the clinical consequences of such injections remain controversial.

[Computer tomography study of the pterygopalatine fossa and its communications].

Pterygopalatine fossa represents very important topographic area, which is connected, by numerous foramina and fissures, to the other extracranial and intracranial areas. This gives to it huge anatomic and clinical significance. In these papers, through the method of computed tomography in axial and coronal projections, we have presented pterygopalatine fossa and the communications that it can establish through foramen rotundum (the middle cranial fossa), inferior orbital fissure (orbital cavity), sphenopalatine foramen (nasal cavity), greater palatine foramen and lesser palatine foramina (oral cavity), canalis pterygoideusa (nasal part of throat) and pterygopalatine fissure (infratemporal fossa).