Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of childhood central nervous system cancers in a large low-middle income country pediatric oncology center: a report on 5051 kids.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. While most cases come from low-middle income countries (LMIC) where their prognosis is worse, few epidemiological studies are conducted in these regions.

Methods: We conducted a registry-based cohort study for childhood CNS tumors at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt (CCHE) over 15 years.

High-grade glioma in infants and very young children: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Purpose: High-grade gliomas in infants and very young children (less than 3 to 5 years old) pose significant challenges due to the limited scientific literature available and high risks associated with treatments. This study aims to investigate their characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted at Children's Cancer Hospital, Egypt.

Melatonin mitigates cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment in rats and improves hippocampal dendritic spine density.

Cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) affects a considerable percentage of cancer patients and has no established pharmacological treatment. Chemobrain can be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential.

Fluvoxamine Ameliorates the Damage to the Neuro-Behavioral Status of Rats Caused by the Administration of Valproic Acid by Preventing Cognitive Memory Deficits and Decreased Hippocampal Cellular Proliferation.

Fluvoxamine is a major antidepressant of the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor class, previously studied as a drug that improves cognitive memory by enhancing hippocampal cell division and proliferation. Valproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug and mood stabilizer that has negative effects on cognitive memory as it inhibits cellular division and proliferation in the hippocampus. This study assessed the protective effects of fluvoxamine treatment versus the memory impairment, decreased hippocampal cellular proliferation, and weight loss produced by VPA treatment.

The Effect of Glycyrrhizin on the Viability and Proliferation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Compared to Intracanal Medicaments.

Aim: To study the effect of glycyrrhizin (GA) on the viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) compared with intracanal medicaments.

Materials And Methods: Third molars of an adult donor were used to obtain the DPSCs. Flow cytometry was utilized to conduct phenotypic analysis for DPSCs.

Plasma miRNA expression profile in pediatric pineal pure germinomas.

Background: Pure germinomas account for 40% of pineal tumors and are characterized by the lack of appreciable tumor markers, thus requiring a tumor biopsy for diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for germ cell tumors and may facilitate the non-invasive diagnosis of pure pineal germinomas.

Material And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt diagnosed with a pineal region tumor between June 2013 and March 2021 for whom a research blood sample was available.

Examining the Effects of Asiaticoside on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Viability and Proliferation: A Promising Approach to Root Canal Treatment.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the impact of asiaticoside (AC) on the viability and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), considering the known negative effects of routinely used intracanal medicaments. This evaluation will be compared with the outcomes from using traditional intracanal medicaments, specifically triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)].

Materials And Methods: The DPSCs were obtained from the third molars of an adult donor.

The Counter Effect of Exercise on Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive and Proliferation Impairments.

Background Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, offers therapeutic benefits for cancer treatment but often leads to adverse effects on neurogenesis and oxidative stress, causing cognitive impairment. Concurrent physical activity has been proposed as a potential strategy to counteract these side effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical exercise on cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment in a mouse model.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor in a lower middle‑income country: Challenges to cure.

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare type of potentially fatal childhood brain tumor. The present study aimed to examine the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes of pediatric patients with ATRT and to analyze the impact of different prognostic factors, including age, sex, tumor site and size, metastatic disease, the extent of resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, on survival. The present study included 47 patients with ATRT treated at the Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt (Cairo, Egypt) between July 2007 and December 2017.

The neuroprotective effects of Piracetam on cisplatin-induced cognitive decline.

Aim: This work explores the effect of Cisplatin-a chemotherapeutic agent known to cause deterioration in cognitive function in cancer patients, and spatial memory in mice. It also investigates the potential neuroprotective effects of Piracetam, which is a nootropic drug recognized for improving cognitive ability.

Materials And Methods: The study incorporates four groups of mice receiving varied medication regimens, with memory tested using the Novel Location Recognition (NLR) method.

The Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis as a Potential Root Canal Medication on the Viability of Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Aim: The objective of the current study was to assess and compare the impact of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) with rosmarinic acid (RA) on the viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

Materials And Methods: Dental pulp stem cells were isolated and characterized using flow cytometry. The cells were treated with (0.

Neurofibromatosis type1, type 2, tuberous sclerosis and Von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Neurocutaneous syndromes (also known as phakomatoses) are heterogenous group of disorders that involve derivatives of the neuroectoderm. Each disease has diagnostic and pathognomonic criteria, once identified, thorough clinical examination to the patient and the family members should be done. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to study the pathognomonic findings withing the CNS (Evans et al.

Prognostic factors affecting infantile medulloblastoma outcomes in the molecular era: a 12-year single-center experience from Egypt.

To assess the clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics (Sonic hedgehog and group 3/4 molecular subtypes expression) and treatment modalities for infantile medulloblastoma in correlation with outcomes. A retrospective study of 86 medulloblastoma patients (≤3 years) was conducted. M0 patients <2.

A machine learning framework for discovering high entropy alloys phase formation drivers.

In the past years, high entropy alloys (HEAs) witnessed great interest because of their superior properties. Phase prediction using machine learning (ML) methods was one of the main research themes in HEAs in the past three years. Although various ML-based phase prediction works exhibited high accuracy, only a few studied the variables that drive the phase formation in HEAs.

Ameliorative Effect of Quercetin against Abamectin-Induced Hemato-Biochemical Alterations and Hepatorenal Oxidative Damage in Nile Tilapia, .

Abamectin (ABM) is a common agricultural pesticide and veterinary anthelmintic drug. It can discharge from the sites of application to aquatic systems via surface run-off or spray drift, causing harmful effects to aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the protective effect of dietary quercetin supplementation on hemato-biochemical parameters and hepato-renal oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia () exposed to a sublethal dose of ABM.

Efficacy of different salvage regimens in progressive unresectable pediatric low-grade glioma.

Multiple salvage chemotherapy regimens are used in progressive low-grade glioma (LGG), with no single regimen being more effective than any other. In the present study, different salvage therapies were compared with regard to the response rate, overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate and visual outcome in 70 patients with pediatric LGG. Age was found to significantly affect the EFS and OS rates (P<0.

Monthly Dynamics of Plasma Elements, Hematology, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Hormonal Concentrations in Growing Male Shiba Goats () Reared in Tokyo-Japan.

From a clinical point of view, the establishment of laboratory variables during the first few months of an animal's life helps clinicians to make sure they base their medical decisions on laboratory values for the specific breed and age group. The present study aimed to investigate the monthly dynamics in some plasma elements, hematology, reproductive hormones, and oxidative stress marker profiles during the first five months of age (neonatal and peri-puberty stage) in male Shiba goat's kids. Sixteen kids were investigated from the first to the fifth month (M1 to M5), and the data were presented as the statistical difference between them.

Prognostic factors and outcome of pineoblastoma: 10 years single-center experience.

Background: The survival of pineoblastoma patients is low, particularly in infants and those with metastatic disease. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors affecting the outcome of Pineoblastoma in different age groups.

Methods: A retrospective study included 33 patients.

Memantine improves memory and hippocampal proliferation in adult male rats.

Neurogenesis occurs during the embryological development of the brain. However, it is universally accepted that in all adult mammalian brains, there are two sites of high-density cell division: the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline agent which results in cognitive deterioration and memory impairment, whereas memantine (MEM) is an NMDA receptor antagonist which is approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia.

Aggresomes predict poor outcomes and implicate proteostasis in the pathogenesis of pediatric choroid plexus tumors.

Purpose: Protein misfolding and aggregation result in proteotoxic stress and underlie the pathogenesis of many diseases. To overcome proteotoxicity, cells compartmentalize misfolded and aggregated proteins in different inclusion bodies. The aggresome is a paranuclear inclusion body that functions as a storage compartment for misfolded proteins.

F18-FET PET in pediatric brain tumors: integrative analysis of image derived parameters and clinico-pathological data.

Background: F18-FET PET has an established diagnostic role in adult brain gliomas. In this study we analyzed image derived static and dynamic parameters with available conventional MRI, histological, clinical and follow-up data in assessment of pediatric brain tumor patients at different stages of the disease.

Methods: Forty-four pediatric patients with median age 7 years, diagnosed with brain tumors and underwent forty-seven 18F-FET PET scans either initially (20 scans) or post-therapy (27 scans) were enrolled.

Analysis of the Stochastic Quarter-Five Spot Problem Using Polynomial Chaos.

Analysis of fluids in porous media is of great importance in many applications. There are many mathematical models that can be used in the analysis. More realistic models should account for the stochastic variations of the model parameters due to the nature of the porous material and/or the properties of the fluid.

Pediatric low grade focal brainstem glioma: outcomes of different treatment strategies and prognostic factors.

This study explores the prognostic factors and outcomes of different treatment modalities in focal brain stem glioma (FBSG). Pediatric FBSG patients diagnosed during 2010-2017 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical and therapeutic data. A total of 71 cases were identified and the median age was 6.