Age-related differences in fluctuations in insulin resistance evaluated with HOMA-IR and triglyceride and glucose-based indices during the menstrual cycle, as determined using the NHANES cross-sectional dataset.

Objectives: To determine how age affects insulin resistance during the menstrual cycle and insulin resistance-associated indices: the Triglyceride-glucose and Triglyceride-glucose-BMI indexes.

Methods: This prospective observational study used fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and days since the start of the menstrual period collected from the NHANES dataset (1999-2006). Insulin resistance was determined using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).

Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease while augmenting Metabolic Syndrome's effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2017-2018.

Background: The aim was to evaluate the effect different types of abdominal fat have on NAFLD development and the effects of abdominal fat has on the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and NALFD.

Methods: Data was collected from the cross-sectional NHANES dataset (2017-2018 cycle). Using the controlled attenuation parameter (USG CAP, dB/m), which measures the level of steatosis, the cohort was stratified into two groups: NAFLD(+) (≥274 dB/m) and NAFLD(-).

Concurrence of hyperinsulinemia and hyperuricemia significantly augmented all-cause mortality.

Background And Aims: Hyperinsulinemia and hyperuricemia are known to increase the risk of mortality due to certain complications, such as Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, despite their common comorbidities, their combined effect has not been evaluated. The study's aim was to evaluate the combine effect of hyperinsulinemia and hyperuricemia on all-cause mortality.

The Effect of Microbiome Therapies on Waist Circumference, a Measure of Central Obesity, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Microbiome therapies (probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotics) have been proposed as adjuvants in the control of central obesity; however, their results for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain inconclusive.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies on central obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC), and to evaluate the effect of microbiome therapies for glycemic parameters (fasting glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FPI], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and insulin resistance [HOMA1-IR]) in patients with T2D.

Methods: SCOPUS, Pubmed, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of microbiome therapies on WC up to June 1, 2022.

Probiotics' effect on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Probiotics are shown to alter the microbiota, leading to a favorable environment, in which weight loss and metabolic parameters are improve. However, the results on probiotics' effect on specific types of central adipose tissues, mainly visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review, aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on VAT and SAT.

Denosumab improves glucose parameters in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL) is crucial for the development of hepatic insulin resistance and poor glucose uptake; therefore, inhibiting RANKL with Denosumab could improve fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin (FPI).

Methods: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effects of Denosumab on glycemic parameters. PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of Denosumab on FPG, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), FPI, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA1-IR).

The association between interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis by ethnicity: A meta-analysis of 33 studies.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter polymorphism (-174 G>C, -572 G>C, and -597 G>A) have on the development rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ethnicity.

Material And Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, LILACS, and Scopus databases were searched for studies exploring the association between any IL6 polymorphisms and RA until November 2018. Genotype distributions were extracted and, depending on the level heterogeneity, determined by the ψ-based Q test and the Inconsistency Index (I), fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, and allelic genetic models.

Metformin does not improve insulin sensitivity over hypocaloric diets in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review of 12 studies.

Objective: To improve insulin action, most clinicians prescribe Metformin in patients with insulin resistance (IR). Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which IR is an important physiopathological mechanism, treatment with Metformin and specialized diets have been suggested to reduce the patient's IR. However, numerous studies have demonstrated conflicting results with respect to supplementing a diet with Metformin.

Metabolic Age, an Index Based on Basal Metabolic Rate, Can Predict Individuals That are High Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome.

Introduction: Every 10 years, an adult's basal metabolic rate (BMR), independent of their BMI, decreases 1-2% due to skeletal muscle loss, thus decreasing an adult's energy requirement and promoting obesity. Increased obesity augments the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS); however, an adult's healthy lifestyle, which increases BMR, can mitigate MetS development. To compare different BMRs for certain ages, Metabolic age (Met-age) was developed.

Association between the L55M and Q192R polymorphisms of the paraoxonase-1 gene and age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Paraoxonase-1 activity is associated with age-related macular degeneration. Two polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) were shown to increase paraoxonase-1 activity and have been implicated in the development of age-related macular degeneration. The results of studies that have examined these polymorphisms are conflicting, showing no effect, as well as increased or decreased risk.

Association between Osteoprotegerin and Charcot Neuroarthropathy: a systematic review.

Aims: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has been associated with Charcot Neuroarthropathy (CN); however, three studied OPG polymorphisms (1181C > G, 245A > C and 950 T > C) have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to determine the difference in serum OPG concentrations between healthy controls and diabetics with and without CN and the effect OPG polymorphisms have on CN development.

Methods: PubMed, LILAC, SCOPUS, and EBSCO databases and retrieved publications' bibliographies were searched for studies that examined for OPG and CN.

Metabolic age correlates better than chronological age with waist-to-height ratio, a cardiovascular risk index.

Objectives: Chronological age confers an increased risk for cardiovascular disease; however, chronological age does not reflect the subject's current health status. Therefore, we assessed whether Metabolic age (Met-age), based on free fat mass, is a predictor of cardiovascular risk (CVR).

Methods: Subjects attending either IMSS UMF-2 or CUSC-1 were asked to participate.

Prediction of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women undergoing fertilization using estradiol levels, collected ova, and number of follicles.

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether estradiol (E2) levels (Day 3 and fold change to Day 10), antral follicle count (AFC), and number of ova collected could predict ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and culdocentesis intervention.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patient charts between January 2008 and December 2017. OHSS was defined using American Society for Reproductive Medicine criteria.

The Association Between Interleukin-6 Promoter Polymorphisms and Rheumatoid Arthritis by Ethnicity: A Meta-Analysis of 33 Studies.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect Interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter polymorphism (-174 G>C, -572 G>C, and -597 G>A) have on the development rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ethnicity.

Material And Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, LILACS, and Scopus databases were searched for studies exploring the association between any IL6 polymorphisms and RA until November 2018. Genotype distributions were extracted and, depending on the level heterogeneity, determined by the ψ-based Q test and the Inconsistency Index (I), fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, recessive, and allelic genetic models.

Diets with lower carbohydrate concentrations improve insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Objective: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with increased levels of insulin resistance (IR). Other than treatment with insulin-sensitizing drugs, specialized diets have also been implemented to reduce the patient's IR. However, the capacity of certain diets, concerning with the severity of the patient's IR, to improve insulin sensitivity has not fully been explored.

Validation of a non-laboratorial questionnaire to identify Metabolic Syndrome among a population in central Mexico.

Objective: To determine the reliability of a non-laboratorial questionnaire, the (ESF-I) for identifying Metabolic Syndrome among a population in central Mexico.

Methods: Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected for 232 participants from 1 June 2012 - 31 August 2013. Three definitions of Metabolic Syndrome (Harmonizing, National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel and Adult Treatment Panel III [ATPIII], and International Diabetes Federation [IDF]) were used to allocate subjects to either the normal or Metabolic Syndrome positive (MetS+) group.

C677T and A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility among Latinos: a meta-analysis.

Background: Previous meta-analyses have shown an ethnic dependency of the C677T and the A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, with no focus on the Latino population. For Latinos, many studies have examined these polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility, yielding no concise result. Therefore, we undertook this meta-analysis to determine the effect these polymorphisms have on breast cancer risk for Latinos.

Low serum uric acid concentration augments insulin effects on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Aim: Insulin and uric acid were shown affect the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), but no studies examine their interaction. Therefore, we conducted this study to determine their biological interaction in subjects from central Mexico.

Methods: 433 subjects were enrolled for a cross-sectional study.

Serum resistin levels inversely associated with cardiovascular risk indices in type 2 diabetics from central Mexico.

Aims: Since, resistin has been associated with coronary heart disease and with the progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), our objective was to determine the correlation between resistin and cardiovascular risk (CVR) in subjects with increasing degrees of hyperglycemia.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, the anthropometric and biochemical profiles were collected from 180 subjects from Puebla, Mexico. Subjects were separated into Normoglycemic (NGT), pre-diabetic (PT2D), or T2D.

The impact of parental history of type 2 diabetes on hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in subjects from central Mexico.

Aims: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are both associated with the development of Type 2 Diabetes and other pathologies; however, the influence of parental history of Type 2 diabetes (PH-T2D) has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of PH-T2D has on the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia and IR.

Materials And Methods: 1092 subjects (703 non-pregnant females and 389 males) were enrolled for a cross-sectional study.

Dietary Apigenin Exerts Immune-Regulatory Activity in Vivo by Reducing NF-κB Activity, Halting Leukocyte Infiltration and Restoring Normal Metabolic Function.

The increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases and the adverse effects associated with the long-term use of current anti-inflammatory therapies prompt the identification of alternative approaches to reestablish immune balance. Apigenin, an abundant dietary flavonoid, is emerging as a potential regulator of inflammation. Here, we show that apigenin has immune-regulatory activity in vivo.

C-Peptide Is a Sensitive Indicator for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects from Central Mexico.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is associated with elevated risk for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A key component of MetS is the development of insulin resistance (IR). The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) model can determine IR by using insulin or C-peptide concentrations; however, the efficiency of insulin and C-peptide to determine MetS has not been compared.

Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with Antioxidant Defense and Outstanding Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Mexican Subjects.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Recently, oxidative stress (OS) has been proposed as a factor related with the genesis of MetS. Different studies have reported decreased antioxidant defense, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed) activities, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration, and, on the other hand, an increase in nitrotyrosine concentration in MetS patients.

Obese first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes with elevated triglyceride levels exhibit increased β-cell function.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized as a disease continuum that is marked by metabolic changes that are present for several years, sometimes well before frank diagnosis of T2DM. Genetic predisposition, ethnicity, geography, alterations in BMI, and lipid profile are considered important markers for the pathogenesis of T2DM through mechanisms that remain unresolved and controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglycerides (TGs) and β-cell function, insulin resistance (IR), and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese first-degree relatives of patients with T2DM (FDR-T2DM) among subjects from central Mexico with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Early decrease of insulin sensitivity in offspring of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Mexican Diabetes Prevention Study.

Background And Aims: Defects in insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion have been recognized as risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. We undertook this study to establish the relationship between healthy type 2 diabetic offspring (OFD) from a Mexican population with IS.

Methods: A total of 602 Mexican subjects, 359 first-degree offspring of T2D (OFD+) and 243 first-degree non-offspring of T2D (OFD-) were classified as young adults (age range, 18-44 years) and middle-aged adults (age range, 45-65 years).