Patient Perception of Swallowing after Thyroidectomy in the Absence of Laryngeal Nerve Injury.

Introduction: Swallowing and voice alterations may manifest in patients with thyroid disease, especially after thyroidectomy.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of patients with complaints of swallowing disorders after thyroidectomy and to evaluate patients' perceptions regarding swallowing before and after the procedure.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed with 26 consecutive patients undergoing a private service thyroidectomy, in which the presence of swallowing dysfunction was evaluated using validated questionnaires that addressed the perception of swallowing by patients before (on the day of surgery) and after the surgery (on the first postoperative day).

Irlen syndrome: systematic review and level of evidence analysis.

Background: Scotopic sensitivity syndrome, later called Meares-Irlen syndrome or simply Irlen syndrome (IS) has been described as symptoms of poor reading ability due to poor color matching and distorted graphic images. Individuals with this syndrome are considered slow, ineffective readers with low comprehension and visual fatigue. It is still uncertain whether the disease pathophysiology is an independent entity or part of the dyslexia spectrum.