Racial Differences in the Relationship of Glucose Concentrations and Hemoglobin A1c Levels.

Background: Debate exists as to whether the higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels observed in black persons than in white persons are due to worse glycemic control or racial differences in the glycation of hemoglobin.

Objective: To determine whether a racial difference exists in the relationship of mean glucose and HbA1c.

Design: Prospective, 12-week observational study.

Hypoglycemia in Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Hypoglycemia is a major concern in older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and there is limited knowledge in this population. We examined data from 199 adults, ≥60 years of age, who participated in a T1D Exchange study assessing factors associated with severe hypoglycemia (SH) in older adults with T1D: 100 with SH in the prior year and 99 with no SH in prior 3 years (mean age 68; mean diabetes duration 40 years; 47% female; 92% non-Hispanic white). Hypoglycemia was assessed with up to 14 days of blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Lifestyle modification for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review.

Background: All 5 components of metabolic syndrome have been shown to improve with lifestyle and diet modification. New strategies for achieving adherence to meaningful lifestyle change are needed to optimize atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk reduction. We performed a systematic literature review, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework (PRISMA), investigating optimal methods for achieving lifestyle change in metabolic syndrome.

Differences in the management of type 1 diabetes among adults under excellent control compared with those under poor control in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry.

Objective: Optimizing glycemic control in type 1 diabetes is important to minimize the risk of complications. We used the large T1D Exchange clinic registry database to identify characteristics and diabetes management techniques in adults with type 1 diabetes, differentiating those under excellent glycemic control from those with poorer control.

Research Design And Methods: The cross-sectional analysis included 627 participants with HbA1c <6.

Determinants of successful glycemic control among participants in the BARI 2D trial: a post-hoc analysis.

Objective: The BARI 2D trial compared insulin provision (IP) versus insulin sensitization (IS) for the primary outcome of total mortality in participants with T2DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this analysis we examine baseline characteristics that are associated with successful long-term glycemic control.

Research Design And Methods: In a 2×2 factorial design, 2368 participants were randomized to either IP or IS therapy, and to either prompt revascularization with medical therapy or medical therapy alone.

Comparison of a novel insulin bolus-patch with pen/syringe injection to deliver mealtime insulin for efficacy, preference, and quality of life in adults with diabetes: a randomized, crossover, multicenter study.

Objective: This study compared the efficacy, safety, device satisfaction, and quality of life (QOL) in people with diabetes using an insulin bolus-patch versus current devices (pen/syringe) to deliver mealtime insulin.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty-eight subjects with diabetes (26 with type 1 and 12 with type 2) were randomized to bolus-patch or current injection device (55% pen and 45% syringe) to deliver mealtime insulin in a multicenter, 6-week crossover study. Efficacy was assessed by equivalence in mean daily seven-point blood glucose (MDBG).

The impact of race/ethnicity on baseline characteristics and the burden of coronary atherosclerosis in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial.

Objectives: We aimed to test the impact of race/ethnicity on coronary artery disease (CAD) after adjusting for baseline risk factors.

Background: Whether race/ethnicity remains an important determinant of the burden of CAD even among patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus) and established CAD is unknown.

Methods: Analysis of baseline data from the BARI 2D trial (January 1, 2001, to March 31, 2005) was performed.

Health status after treatment for coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial.

Background: Health status is a key outcome for comparing treatments, particularly when mortality does not differ significantly.

Methods And Results: Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) randomized 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic heart disease to (1) prompt revascularization versus medical therapy and (2) insulin sensitization versus insulin provision. Randomization was stratified by the intended method of revascularization, coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention.

Racial differences in the association between self-rated health status and objective clinical measures among participants in the BARI 2D trial.

Objectives: We explored whether and how race shapes perceived health status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.

Methods: We analyzed self-rated health (fair or poor versus good, very good, or excellent) and associated clinical risk factors among 866 White and 333 Black participants in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial.

Results: Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument scores, regular exercise, and employment were associated with higher self-rated health (P < .