The clustering of physical activity and screen time behaviours in early childhood and impact on future health-related behaviours: a longitudinal analysis of children aged 3 to 8 years.

Background: Meeting physical activity and screen time guidelines has been associated with improved health in children. Research has shown that lifestyle behaviours happen in combination and can be tracked into later life. Thus, a complex approach is needed to identify the effects of physical activity and screen time altogether.

Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Walking outdoors can be used by many individuals to meet public health guidelines for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. The speed at which adults walk may be a proxy for intensity. Traditional estimates of indoor walking speed are unlikely to reflect self-selected usual or other instructed paces of outdoor walking speed.

Interventions outside the workplace for reducing sedentary behaviour in adults under 60 years of age.

Background: Adults spend a majority of their time outside the workplace being sedentary. Large amounts of sedentary behaviour increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and both all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Objectives: Primary • To assess effects on sedentary time of non-occupational interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in adults under 60 years of age Secondary • To describe other health effects and adverse events or unintended consequences of these interventions • To determine whether specific components of interventions are associated with changes in sedentary behaviour • To identify if there are any differential effects of interventions based on health inequalities (e.

Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement: Mothers and Teens Exercising (); a feasibility trial.

This study aimed to examine the feasibility of the Supporting Our Lifelong Engagement; Mothers and Teens Exercising () program. , a single-arm six-week feasibility trial, comprised six face-to-face sessions. Participants were mothers (n = 27) with daughters (n = 31) aged 12-16 years.

Adolescent Girls' Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies relating to adolescent girls' perceptions of physical activity participation. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42017054944).

What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review.

Objective: Interventions to promote walking have focused on individual or group-based approaches, often via the randomised controlled trial design. Walking can also be promoted using population health approaches. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of population approaches to promote walking among individuals and populations.

Effects of frequency, intensity, duration and volume of walking interventions on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials among inactive healthy adults.

Objective: Walking interventions in healthy populations show clinically relevant improvements for many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We aimed to assess the changes in CVD risk factors and the dose-response relationship between frequency, intensity, duration and volume of walking and cardiovascular risk factors based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Self-rated walking pace and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: individual participant pooled analysis of 50 225 walkers from 11 population British cohorts.

Background/objectives: Walking pace is associated with risk of premature mortality. However, whether this relationship is independent of total volume of physical activity and highest physical activity intensity remains unclear. We examined the associations between walking pace and cause-specific mortality, investigating the potential modifying effect of factors such as total physical activity volume, highest physical activity intensity, age, sex and body mass index (BMI).

Effectiveness of mother and daughter interventions targeting physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity: A systematic review.

Background: Physical inactivity and poor dietary habits in women pose a clear public health burden. Mothers are generally the main female role model for daughters, therefore, targeting intergenerational females simultaneously may be a novel approach. However, the effectiveness of this approach to improve physical activity, fitness, nutrition and adiposity has not been systematically examined.

Associations between metabolic syndrome components and markers of inflammation in Welsh school children.

Unlabelled: We investigated the multivariate dimensionality and strength of the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and inflammation in children. Caucasian school children (N = 229; 12-14 years) from Wales were tested on several health indicators including measures of body composition, inflammation, fasting glucose regulation, blood pressure, and lipids. The multivariate association between MetS and inflammation was investigated via canonical correlation analysis.

Effect of Active Lessons on Physical Activity, Academic, and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of classroom-based physical activity interventions that integrate academic content and assess the effectiveness of the interventions on physical activity, learning, facilitators of learning, and health outcomes.

Method: Six electronic databases (ERIC, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE) and reference lists were searched for English-language articles, published January 1990 through March 2015, reporting classroom-based interventions that deliberately taught academic content using physically active teaching methods for at least 1 week duration, with physical activity, health, learning, or facilitators-of-learning outcomes. Two authors reviewed full-text articles.

Involvement of Fathers in Pediatric Obesity Treatment and Prevention Trials: A Systematic Review.

Context: Despite their important influence on child health, it is assumed that fathers are less likely than mothers to participate in pediatric obesity treatment and prevention research.

Objective: This review investigated the involvement of fathers in obesity treatment and prevention programs targeting children and adolescents (0-18 years).

Data Sources: A systematic review of English, peer-reviewed articles across 7 databases.

The effect of a classroom activity break on physical activity levels and adiposity in primary school children.

Aim: Despite recognition that regular physical activity is essential for good health, many children do not accumulate sufficient daily physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a classroom-based activity break on accelerometer-determined moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and adiposity in primary school children.

Methods: One hundred twenty children from seven primary schools in Northern Ireland participated in the study.

Determinants of uptake and maintenance of active commuting to school.

The objective was to identify determinants of uptake and maintenance of active school travel (AST) over 4 years in children aged 9 at baseline. Data from wave 1 (n=8502) and 2 (n=7479) of the Growing Up in Ireland study were analysed. At 9- and 13-years 25% and 20% engaged in AST.

Prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity in community-dwelling older adults in Ireland.

The public health challenges associated with rapid population ageing are likely to be exacerbated by poor physical activity levels. The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical inactivity in a population-representative sample of older adults in Ireland. This paper reports a secondary analysis of data from 4892 adults aged 60+ from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

An intervention to improve the physical activity levels of children: design and rationale of the 'Active Classrooms' cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Recent evidence demonstrates that children are not engaging in the recommended 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. Physical activity (PA) interventions have been acknowledged by the WHO (2010) as a key strategy to increase the PA levels of children. School has been recognised as a primary location for reaching the majority of children and providing PA opportunities for them.

The effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials that examined the effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Methods: Four electronic databases and reference lists were searched (Jan 1971-June 2012). Two authors identified randomised control trials of interventions ≥ 4 weeks in duration that included at least one group with walking as the only treatment and a no-exercise comparator group.

Seasonal and annual variation in young children's physical activity.

Introduction: It is well established that regular physical activity (PA) contributes to lower levels of morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the stability of very young children's PA habits across seasons and years. The aims of this study were to 1) examine the influence of season and increasing age on objectively assessed PA in preschool children and 2) examine the stability of young children's PA rankings during 1 yr.

Estimates of the number of people in England who attain or exceed vigorous intensity exercise by walking at 3 mph.

Walking is a safe, accessible and low cost activity, amenable to change and known to have great potential to increase physical activity levels in sedentary individuals. The objective of this study is to estimate the proportion of the 2009 adult population of England who would attain or exceed vigorous intensity activity (>70% maximum heart rate [HR(max)]) by walking at 3 mph. We conducted predictive impact modelling using participants' (n = 1741, aged 25-64 years) cardiovascular fitness data from treadmill walking tests.

Active travel to school and physical activity levels of Irish primary schoolchildren.

The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the physical activity levels of 9-11 year old children, and (2) compare the activity levels of children who commute to school by active and passive modes. 140 children aged 9-11 years (85 boys) were recruited from four urban Irish schools. Mode of commuting was assessed by questionnaire.

Walking: the first steps in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Purpose Of Review: Health professionals are presented with the challenge of prescribing physical activity that is likely to be sustained by the sedentary majority. Walking is eminently suited to physical activity prescription for inactive individuals as it is accessible to men and women of all ages and social groups and poses little risk of injury. This paper reviews recent evidence of the health benefits of walking and promotion of walking behavior.

Session 1: Public health nutrition: Physical activity prescription for public health.

The increased prevalence of CVD deaths in the past 60 years is a result in considerable part of the influence of environmental and lifestyle changes, including decreased daily energy expenditure through physical exertion. Physical activity prescription has therefore become an important public health issue. Exercise guidelines have evolved considerably since their first publication by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 1978.

Accumulated versus continuous exercise for health benefit: a review of empirical studies.

Current physical activity guidelines endorse the notion that the recommended amount of daily physical activity can be accumulated in short bouts performed over the course of a day. Although intuitively appealing, the evidence for the efficacy of accumulated exercise is not plentiful. The purpose of this review was to compare the effects of similar amounts of exercise performed in either one continuous or two or more accumulated bouts on a range of health outcomes.