Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with naturally derived sesquiterpene lactones in cancer therapy.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a type of cell death modulated by specific signal transduction pathways. Currently, known RCD types include apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis. Mutations in cancer cells may prevent the RCD pathway; therefore, targeting RCD in tumors has become a promising therapeutic approach.

Improved resolution of microbial diversity in deep-sea surface sediments using PacBio long-read 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Unlabelled: 16S rRNA gene sequencing is the gold standard for identifying microbial diversity in environmental communities. The Illumina short-read platform is widely used in marine environment studies due to its cost-effectiveness and high accuracy, but its limited read length restricts taxonomic identification mainly to genus or family levels. Recently, the PacBio long-read sequencing platform was developed.

The potential clinical utility of Whole Genome Sequencing for patients with cancer: evaluation of a regional implementation of the 100,000 Genomes Project.

Background: The 100,000 Genomes Project established infrastructure for Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in the United Kingdom.

Methods: A retrospective study of cancer patients recruited to the 100,000 Genomes Project by the West Midlands Genomics Medicine Centre, evaluating clinical relevance of results.

Results: After excluding samples with no sequencing data (1678/4851; 34.

TRP channels in cancer: Therapeutic opportunities and research strategies.

The influence of gut microbiota on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been identified as an important element in the development of gastrointestinal conditions, yet its involvement in cancer progression is not as thoroughly understood. This review explores the multifaceted roles of TRP channels in oncogenesis and emphasizes their significance in cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. Critical focus was placed on the influence of traditional medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) related aromatic medicines, on TRP channel functions.

Reducing maternal infection after assisted vaginal birth in a diverse and deprived population.

Postpartum maternal sepsis is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. A single dose of prophylactic antibiotics following assisted vaginal births has been shown to significantly reduce postpartum maternal infection in a landmark multicentre randomised controlled trial, which led to its national recommendation. This project aimed to improve the local implementation of prophylactic antibiotics following assisted vaginal births to reduce postnatal maternal infections.

British Gynaecological Cancer Society/British Association of Gynaecological Pathology consensus for genetic testing in epithelial ovarian cancer in the United Kingdom.

Standard of care genetic testing has undergone significant changes in recent years. The British Gynecological Cancer Society and the British Association of Gynecological Pathologists (BGCS/BAGP) has re-assembled a multidisciplinary expert consensus group to update the previous guidance with the latest standard of care for germline and tumor testing in patients with ovarian cancer. For the first time, the BGCS/BAGP guideline group has incorporated a patient advisor at the initial consensus group meeting.

Loss of Dnajc21 leads to cytopenia and altered nucleotide metabolism in zebrafish.

Mutations in the DNAJC21 gene were recently described in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), a bone marrow failure syndrome with high predisposition for myeloid malignancies. To study the underlying biology in hematopoiesis regulation and disease, we generated the first in vivo model of Dnajc21 deficiency using the zebrafish. Zebrafish dnajc21 mutants phenocopy key SDS patient phenotypes such as cytopenia, reduced growth, and defective protein synthesis.

Ferroptosis-Modulating Natural Products for Targeting Inflammation-Related Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities in Manipulating Redox Signaling.

Numerous disorders are linked to ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by lipid peroxidation accumulation rather than apoptosis. Inflammation is the body's defensive response to stimuli and is also caused by inflammatory chemicals that can harm the body. The treatment of inflammatory diseases by focusing on the signaling pathways and mechanisms of ferroptosis has emerged as a new area worthy of extensive research.

Dual inhibitors of DNMT and HDAC remodels the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.

Colorectal cancer is the second most prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. The emergence of immune checkpoint therapy has provided a revolutionary strategy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, less than 5 % of colorectal cancer patients respond to immune checkpoint therapy.

Investigating age and ethnicity as novel high-risk phenotypes in mucinous ovarian cancer: retrospective study in a multi-ethnic population.

Objectives: Primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma represents 3% of ovarian cancers and is typically diagnosed early, yielding favorable outcomes. This study aims to identify risk factors, focussing on the impact of age and ethnicity on survival from primary mucinous ovarian cancer.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients treated at Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust and University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire.

Paris saponin VII reverses resistance to PARP inhibitors by regulating ovarian cancer tumor angiogenesis and glycolysis through the RORα/ECM1/VEGFR2 signaling axis.

The emergence of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) has marked the beginning of a precise targeted therapy era for ovarian cancer. However, an increasing number of patients are experiencing primary or acquired resistance to PARPi, severely limiting its clinical application. Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of PARPi resistance and discovering new therapeutic targets is an urgent and critical issue to address.

How do we achieve blinding in modern electronic and paper medical records during the conduct of transfusion trials?

Background: Regulatory aspects of transfusion medicine add complexity in blinded transfusion trials when considering various electronic record keeping software and blood administration processes. The aim of this study is to explore strategies when blinding transfusion components and products in paper and electronic medical records.

Methods: Surveys were collected and interviews were conducted for 18 sites across various jurisdictions in North America to determine solutions applied in previous transfusion randomized control trials.

Genome engineering of the human gut microbiome.

The human gut microbiome, a complex ecosystem, significantly influences host health, impacting crucial aspects such as metabolism and immunity. To enhance our comprehension and control of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating the intricate interplay between gut commensal bacteria and human health, the exploration of genome engineering for gut microbes is a promising frontier. Nevertheless, the complexities and diversities inherent in the gut microbiome pose substantial challenges to the development of effective genome engineering tools for human gut microbes.

Harnessing natural product polysaccharides against lung cancer and revisit its novel mechanism.

The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are on the rise worldwide. However, the benefit of clinical treatment in lung cancer is limited. Owning to important sources of drug development, natural products have received constant attention around the world.

Natural Anticancer Molecules and Their Therapeutic Potential.

Cancer poses a significant global public health challenge [...

Extracellular vesicles as a novel mediator of interkingdom communication.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be mediators of intercellular communication. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoparticles with diverse diameters, ranging from 20 to 400 nm. BEVs are composed of soluble microbial metabolites, including nucleic acid, proteins, lipoglycans, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).

Longitudinal high-dimensional analysis identifies immune features associating with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Response to immunotherapy widely varies among cancer patients and identification of parameters associating with favourable outcome is of great interest. Here we show longitudinal monitoring of peripheral blood samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing anti-PD1 therapy by high-dimensional cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multi-cytokines measurements. We find that higher proportions of circulating CD8 and of CD8CD101TIM3 (CCT T) subsets significantly correlate with poor clinical response to immune therapy.

Microbes mediated immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is one of the 12 distinct cell death forms, which can trigger immune system to fight against cancer cells. During ICD, a number of cellular changes occur that can stimulate an immune response, including the release of molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), signaling to immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. By virtue of their pivotal role in immune surveillance, ICD-based drug development has been a new approach to explore novel therapeutic combinations and personalized strategies in cancer therapy.

CERS4 predicts positive anti-PD-1 response and promotes immunomodulation through Rhob-mediated suppression of CD8Tim3 exhausted T cells in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main malignant tumors with high mortality and short survival time. Immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC, but it has the problems of drug resistance and low response rate. Therefore, obtaining effective biomarkers to predict and enhance immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy in NSCLC is important.

Detection of Single Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance with Single-Cell Bioanalyzer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Despite the development of various lung cancer treatment methods, including surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, chemotherapy remains the most common approach for treating cancer. The risk of tumors acquiring resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant hurdle to the use of this approach for the successful treatment of various types of cancer.

Detection of Single Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance With Single Cell Bioanalyzer.

Despite the development of various cancer treatment methods, chemotherapy remains the most common approach for treating cancer. The risk of tumors acquiring resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant hurdle to the successful treatment of various types of cancer. Therefore, overcoming or predicting multidrug resistance in clinical treatment is essential.