Growth and metabolism of infants born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and fed acidified whey-adapted starter formulas.

Objective: To compare the effects of a biologically and chemically acidified formula with or without probiotics with a standard formula on growth of infants negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods: This was a double-masked, randomized, clinical trial. Infants born to consenting HIV-positive women who had decided not to breast-feed before being approached for participating in the study were randomized to receive one of four milk formulas: a chemically acidified formula with or without probiotics (Bifidobacterium lactis), a biologically acidified formula, or a standard whey formula.

Cortical hyperostosis in an infant on prolonged prostaglandin infusion: case report and literature review.

The common side effects associated with the use of prostaglandins in newborn infants include apnoea, hyperthermia, diarrhoea, skin flushing and oedema. Periosteal reaction or cortical thickening of the bones, also known as cortical hyperostosis, is associated with a prolonged use of prostaglandins. This is a radiological diagnosis; therefore, its occurrence is most likely underestimated.