aEEG in the first 3 days after extremely preterm delivery relates to neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Objectives: Investigate relationships between aEEG in the first 72 h in extremely preterm infants with 1) infant, medical, and environmental factors, and 2) infant feeding and neurobehavioral outcomes at term and school-age.

Methods: Sixty-four preterm infants (≤28 weeks gestation) were enrolled within the first 24-hours of life and had two-channel aEEG until 72 h of life. Standardized neurobehavioral and feeding assessments were conducted at term, and parent-reported outcomes were documented at 5-7 years.

Variable Association of Physiologic Changes With Electrographic Seizure-Like Events in Infants Born Preterm.

Objectives: To determine the incidence of seizure-like events in a cohort of infants born preterm as well as the prevalence of associated vital sign changes (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate, and pulse oximetry [SpO]).

Study Design: We performed prospective conventional video electroencephalogram monitoring on infants born at 23-30 weeks of gestational age during the first 4 postnatal days. For detected seizure-like events, simultaneously captured vital sign data were analyzed during the pre-event baseline and during the event.

Survey of Quaternary Neonatal Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus.

Objective: This study aimed to determine clinical care practices for infants at risk for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) across level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey that addressed center-specific surveillance, neurosurgical intervention, and follow-up practices within the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium.

Results: We had a 59% (20/34 sites) response rate, with 10 sites having at least two participants.

Understanding umbilical venous catheter insertion practices through a prospective multicenter observational study.

Objective: To understand practices of umbilical venous catheter (UVC) insertion in tertiary level neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and investigate the outcomes of subsequent attempts following a failed initial attempt.

Study Design: Prospective, multi-center observational study of UVC insertions at tertiary level NICUs between March 2019 and January 2020.

Results: Of the 101 UVCs inserted at 4 centers, seventy-two (71%) were central at the first attempt and 50% were central at subsequent attempts.

Cerebellar hemorrhage: a 10-year evaluation of risk factors.

While cerebellar hemorrhage (CH) has been linked with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants, it remains under-recognized and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. To determine risk factors for CH in premature infants. A retrospective cohort study included all inborn infants ≤ 30 weeks EGA admitted to the NICU from 2007 to 2016.

Central versus Low-Lying Umbilical Venous Catheters: A Multicenter Study of Practices and Complications.

Objectives: Conventional neonatology practice is to place umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) in central position and to limit the use of low-lying catheters. Our objectives were to describe the practices and complications associated with UVCs and to evaluate the type of infusates used with either UVC position.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed at four neonatal intensive care units to identify neonates who underwent UVC placement over a 2-year period.

A Web-Based Calculator for the Prediction of Severe Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Preterm Infants Using Clinical and Imaging Characteristics.

Although the most common forms of brain injury in preterm infants have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, existing MRI scoring systems lack specificity, do not incorporate clinical factors, and are technically challenging to perform. The objective of this study was to develop a web-based, clinically-focused prediction system which differentiates severe neurodevelopmental outcomes from normal-moderate outcomes at two years. Infants were retrospectively identified as those who were born ≤30 weeks gestation and who had MRI imaging at term-equivalent age and neurodevelopmental testing at 18⁻24 months.

Long term electroencephalography in preterm neonates: Safety and quality of electrode types.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare gold cup and hydrogel electrodes for frequency of electrode replacement, longevity of the original electrodes after initial placement, recording quality, and skin safety issues in long-term EEG studies in preterm neonates.

Methods: We performed a prospective trial with newborns born at ≥23 weeks and ≤30 weeks of gestational age (GA). Two mirror image EEG electrode arrays were utilized on consecutive subjects, where gold cup electrodes alternated with hydrogel electrodes.

Term-equivalent functional brain maturational measures predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants.

Background: Term equivalent age (TEA) brain MRI identifies preterm infants at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. But some infants may experience neurodevelopmental impairments even in the absence of neuroimaging abnormalities.

Objective: Evaluate the association of TEA amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) measures with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24-36 months corrected age.

Impact of brain injury on functional measures of amplitude-integrated EEG at term equivalent age in premature infants.

Objective: To evaluate the association between qualitative and quantitative amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) measures at term equivalent age (TEA) and brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preterm infants.

Study Design: A cohort of premature infants born at <30 weeks of gestation and with moderate-to-severe MRI injury on a TEA MRI scan was identified. A contemporaneous group of gestational age-matched control infants also born at <30 weeks of gestation with none/mild injury on MRI was also recruited.

Low-frequency blood pressure oscillations and inotrope treatment failure in premature infants.

The underlying mechanism as to why some hypotensive preterm infants do not respond to inotropic medications remains unclear. For these infants, we hypothesize that impaired vasomotor function is a significant factor and is manifested through a decrease in low-frequency blood pressure variability across regulatory components of vascular tone. Infants born ≤28 wk estimated gestational age underwent prospective recording of mean arterial blood pressure for 72 h after birth.

Empirical estimation of the normative blood pressure in infants <28 weeks gestation using a massive data approach.

Objective: To determine the expected systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures at birth and respective rates of change during the first 72 h of life in infants born at <28 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) with a favorable short-term outcome, defined as survival to 14 days with grade II or less intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).

Study Design: Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressures were continuously sampled at 0.5 Hz via umbilical artery catheter from birth through 72 h.