Characterization and genetic analysis of extensively drug-resistant hospital acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

Background: The incidence of hospital-acquired infections in extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) has been increasing worldwide and is frequently associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to characterize clinical XDR-PA isolates recovered during six months at three different hospitals in Egypt.

Results: Seventy hospital-acquired clinical isolates of P.

Effect of dexamethasone and tenoxicam on the virulence activities of different clinical isolates.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effect of commonly used non-antibiotic drugs (dexamethasone and tenoxicam), on treatment of infections, antibiotic resistance and virulence in this pathogen.

Methods: Four antibiotics (gentamicin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and meropenem) were investigated. The proteolysis and hemolysis were selected as virulence factors for investigation.

Molecular characterization of enterotoxin genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food poisoning outbreaks in Egypt.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a known disease-causing bacteria with many associated health hazards.

Spanlastic-laden in situ gel as a promising approach for ocular delivery of Levofloxacin: In-vitro characterization, microbiological assessment, corneal permeability and in-vivo study.

The objective of this study was to encapsulate the antibacterial drug levofloxacin hemihydrate (LF) into spanlastics (SLs) followed by incorporation into gelrite in situ gel to enhance its antibacterial activity and sustain ocular delivery. A combination of Span 60 as main vesicle component and Tweens as an edge activator (EA) was used to prepare SLs using the thin film hydration method. A 3 factorial design was applied to study the effect of formulation variables (ratio of Span 60: EA and type of EA) on SLs characteristics (encapsulation efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and percentage of drug released).

Valuable effects of lactobacillus and citicoline on steatohepatitis: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and gut microbiota.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more dangerous form of chronic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current investigation, the influence of citicoline on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH was examined, both alone and in combination with Lactobacillus (probiotic). NASH was induced by feeding HFD (10% sugar, 10% lard stearin, 2% cholesterol, and 0.

Molecular characterization of gut microbial structure and diversity associated with colorectal cancer patients in Egypt.

Introduction: a large number of microbes colonizing the gut are highly diverse and complex in their structure, as this complex structure of gut microbiota acts as an indicator of a diseased state. Recently, there is a need for improved biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenoma. Among the CRC associated organisms, bacteria are the most common causes of serious disease and deaths.

A novel therapeutic combination of dapagliflozin, Lactobacillus and crocin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: Role of oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and PPARγ activation.

Aims: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is diagnosed by the development of abnormality in the structure and performance of myocardium in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients. Recent studies reported the association between altered gut microbiota and metabolic disorders like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we aimed to investigate the gut-heart axis in an experimental animal model where we developed a novel therapeutic combination of dapagliflozin, crocin prebiotic and Lactobacilli probiotic to correct induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Early forecasting of COVID-19 case progression with hematological and biochemical parameters of patients in Egypt.

The coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) is changing the world and reshape all aspects of life. Side by side to global efforts to develop potential vaccines and effective drugs against COVID-19, clinical parameters scanning the prognosis of COVID-19 infection are badly required to help the clinicians in premature management of COVID-19 cases before critical progression. The main objective of our study is to specify reliable biomarkers which differentially change upon case progression and clearly reflect the extent of lung lesions.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics in ERIC-PCR typed biofilm forming isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious pathogen particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this work, 103 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected and classified into weak, moderate, and strong biofilm producers according to their biofilm forming abilities via tissue culture plate method.

Soil-Associated Bacillus Species: A Reservoir of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Activity against Human Pathogens.

Soil hosts myriads of living organisms with the extensive potential to produce bioactive compounds. Bacteria are the major soil inhabitants that represent a rich reservoir for antibiotic production along with their role in recycling nutrients and maintenance of the soil ecosystem. Here, from 55 tested soil samples, we isolated and identified a novel antibiotic-producing bacterial strain with a phylogenetically closest match to sp.

The therapeutic role of lactobacillus and montelukast in combination with metformin in diabetes mellitus complications through modulation of gut microbiota and suppression of oxidative stress.

Male reproductive dysfunction is one of the overlooked findings of diabetes mellitus (DM) that deserves greater scientific attention. This study is designed to explore the therapeutic potential of metformin and montelukast, in combination with Lactobacillus, for modulation of intestinal flora and suppression of oxidative stress in testicular and liver damage in diabetic male rats. A DM model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ)which caused functional, biochemical, and inflammatory injuries to the testicular and liver tissues.

The Link between Occurrence of Class I Integron and Acquired Aminoglycoside Resistance in Clinical MRSA Isolates.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections because of its high resistance. Here, we study the antibiotic resistance in MRSA clinical isolates and their relation to integron I occurrence. A total of 88 clinical isolates were collected.

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens in isolates from two hospitals in Egypt using a microarray chip.

Respiratory tract infection is one of the most commonly spread communicable diseases. Among the causative organisms, bacteria are the most common causes of serious disease and deaths. A total of 32 samples were taken from Mansoura Lung Diseases Hospital and Kafr El-Sheikh General Diseases Hospital, in addition to 5 control samples were screened for the presence of different pathogens.

Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus for Developed Antiviral Agents Resistance Mutations and New Insights into in-silico Prediction Studies.

Background: Identification and characterization of developed antiviral drug resistance mutations are key to the success of antiviral therapies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), which remains a worldwide highly prevalent pathogenic disease. Although most studies focus on HCV genotypes 1, 2 or 3, the investigation of drug resistance in HCV genotype 4, predominant in North Africa, is especially significant in Egypt.

Methods: We performed mutational and genotypic analysis of the untranslated region (UTR) and nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) drug resistance-associated regions of HCV for patients in the surrounding villages of Mansoura city, who were not responding to different antiviral treatments (sofosbuvir (SOF), ribavirin, and interferon).

Ocular Inserts of Voriconazole-Loaded Proniosomal Gels: Formulation, Evaluation and Microbiological Studies.

Background: Voriconazole (VRC) is a triazole broad spectrum antifungal drug, used in the management of versatile fungal infections, particularly fungal keratitis. The obligatory use of niosomal delivery of VRC may reduce the frequency of dosing intervals resulting from its short biological half time and consequently improve patient compliance.

Methods: VRC loaded proniosomes (VRC-PNs) were set by the coacervation technique and completely characterized.

Effects of Lysozyme, Proteinase K, and Cephalosporins on Biofilm Formation by Clinical Isolates of .

is an opportunistic pathogen that can form biofilms, which confer resistance to immune clearance and antibacterial treatment. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation are warranted. Here, 103 .

Studies on isolation and inhibitory effect on food-borne pathogens from raw milk in Egypt by natural oils.

This study sheds the light on the presence of (some) food-borne pathogens in raw market milk in Mansoura city, (Egypt) using several techniques for isolation and identification including serology and PCR. It determines, further, the susceptibility of the isolated pathogens to some antimicrobial agents and natural oils, including watercress, basil, parsley, and hot green pepper oils. From 100 milk samples, 22 Escherichia coli isolates harboured stx1, stx2 and/or eae genes.

Uterine salvage management for atonic postpartum hemorrhage using "modified lynch suture".

Background: To assess the effectiveness of the new modified technique in order to control bleeding in women presenting with atonic, flabby uterus compared to the most commonly described technique of classic B-Lynch suture.

Method: This study included 160 women of uncontrolled atonic postpartum hemorrhage delivered by cesarean section at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital between January 2013 and October 2015. Participants were randomly assigned following simple randomization procedures (computerized random numbers) and divided into two groups.

Epidemiology of Neonatal Sepsis and Implicated Pathogens: A Study from Egypt.

Prospective analytic study was conducted in NICUs of three Egyptian Neonatal Network (EGNN) participants in Mansoura Hospitals in Egypt over a period of 18 months from March 2011 to August 2012. By using EGNN 28-day discharge form, all demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded and studied. During the study period, 357 neonates were diagnosed as suspected sepsis with an incidence of 45.

Involvement of transposon-like elements in penicillin gene cluster regulation.

Subtelomeric secondary metabolite (SM) gene clusters are frequently surrounded by DNA repeats and transposon-like elements. The Aspergillus nidulans penicillin cluster, 30kb from the telomere of chromosome VI, is bordered by such elements. Deletions of penicillin telomere proximal and distal border regions resulted in decreased penicillin production.

Real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay for detection of hepatitis A virus.

A nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay in combination with a molecular beacon was developed for the real-time detection and quantification of hepatitis A virus (HAV). A 202-bp, highly conserved 5' noncoding region of HAV was targeted. The sensitivity of the real-time NASBA assay was tested with 10-fold dilutions of viral RNA, and a detection limit of 1 PFU was obtained.

Combined immunomagnetic separation-molecular beacon-reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of hepatitis A virus from environmental samples.

In this study, a molecular-beacon-based real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay was developed to detect the presence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in environmental samples. A 125-bp, highly conserved 5' noncoding region of HAV was targeted. The sensitivity of the real-time RT-PCR assay was tested with 10-fold dilutions of viral RNA, and a detection limit of 1 PFU was obtained.

Penicillin-induced effects on streptomycin uptake and early bactericidal activity differ in viridans group and enterococcal streptococci.

In vitro studies with penicillin and [3H]streptomycin in four strains of streptococci (S. faecalis, S. sanguis, and S.