Comparative pathogenicity of duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 in different duck breeds: Implications of the diagnosis and prevention of duck viral hepatitis.

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) infection in ducklings causes acute hepatitis with considerable economic losses. In this study, Pekin and Muscovy duckling flocks (n=9) suffering from high mortality and hepatic lesions were examined by RT-PCR for DVHA. 44.

The anticoccidial effects of probiotics and prebiotics on the live coccidia vaccine and the subsequent influence on poultry performance post-challenge with mixed Eimeria species.

Live vaccines containing Eimeria oocysts are commercially available to protect against avian coccidiosis. Additionally, probiotics (PRO) and prebiotics (PRE) improve the poultry productivity and health and can be used as anticoccidial substitutes. However, the impact of PRO and PRE on reproductive potential, lesion score, intestinal health, and immunization outcomes of the live coccidia vaccines has not received adequate attention.

Application of butyric acid as a feed additive for improving quail performance and health.

This study evaluated the effects of dietary butyric acid (BA) on the Japanese quail' performance, immunology, lipid profile, cecal microbiota, and antioxidant levels. 250 unsexed, one-week-old quail chicks were divided into 5 groups, each with fifty chicks (5 replicates of 10 chicks). The first group was given the basal diet (BD), while the 2nd to 5th groups were fed BD with 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg BA/kg, respectively.

Trace Minerals in Laying Hen Diets and Their Effects on Egg Quality.

With the advancement in the egg industry sector, egg quality has assumed great significance in certain countries. Enhancements in the nutritional value of eggs may have direct affirmative consequences for daily nutrient intake and therefore for human health. Thus, affirmative improvement in egg quality boosts consumer preferences for eggs.

Evaluating the effect of Spirulina platensis on the immune response of broiler chickens to various vaccines and virulent Newcastle disease virus challenge.

This study investigated the efficacy of co-administration of Spirulina platensis (SP) with vaccines on the immune response to Avian influenza (AI), Infectious bronchitis (IB), and Newcastle disease (ND), along with I/M challenging by virulent ND virus (vNDV) genotype VII. 126 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into six groups (21 birds/group with three replicates): G1: negative control; G2: positive control; G3: vaccinated, non-SP-supplemented; G4: vaccinated, SP-supplemented (0.1%); G5: vaccinated, SP-supplemented (0.

Pathogenicity of H5N8 avian influenza virus in chickens and in duck breeds and the role of MX1 and IFN-α in infection outcome and transmission to contact birds.

This study examined the pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and transmission potential of the H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.

Role of available COVID-19 vaccines in reducing deaths and perspective for next generation vaccines and therapies to counter emerging viral variants: an update.

The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could reduce the incidences of infection, hospitalization and deaths.

Lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index: two indices to predict metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease patients.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) are the major health problems associated with the increasing risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. This cross-sectional study included 209 CKD patients of stage (3-5) on conservative treatment to assess the usage of lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) to predict both MetS and IR in CKD patients. In males, from the anthropometric measurements, LAP was the best predictor of MetS with 94.

Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients.

The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed a public health emergency in July 2022 due to the emergence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) while the globe was still dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic. The characteristics of mpox in immunocompetent individuals are well-characterized, despite difficulties in diagnostics, immunization, and access to treatment that persist in low-income countries. Patients with weakened immune systems are more likely to spread an illness and die from it than healthy people because they cannot mount a protective immune response against it, such as a neutralizing IgG and poxvirus-specific Th1 response.

Potential of as a feed supplement for poultry to enhance growth performance and immune modulation.

Increase in drug resistance as well as ineffective immunization efforts against various pathogens (viruses, bacteria and fungi) pose a significant threat to the poultry industry. Spirulina is one of the most widely used natural ingredients which is becoming popular as a nutritional supplement in humans, animals, poultry and aquaculture. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, pigments, and essential amino acids.

Corrigendum: Epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control strategies of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry: A comprehensive review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.

Epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control strategies of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry: A comprehensive review.

Infection with fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) can result in a number of syndromes in the production of chicken, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and others, causing enormous economic losses around the globe. FAdVs are divided into 12 serotypes and five species (A-E; 1-8a and 8b-11). Most avian species are prone to infection due to the widespread distribution of FAdV strains.

Phytosterol: nutritional significance, health benefits, and its uses in poultry and livestock nutrition.

Medicinal plants with active ingredients have shown great potential as natural and sustainable additives in livestock and poultry diets as growth promoters, performance, feed conversion ratio, digestibility of nutrient enhancers, and antioxidants and immune system modulators. Among active ingredients, phytosterols, which are plant-based bio-factors that may be found in seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables and legumes, are thought to be involved in the aforementioned activities but are also widely known in human medicine due to their efficacy in treating diabetes, coronary heart disease, and tumors. Nevertheless, phytosterols can also promote carcinogens production, angiogenesis inhibition, metastasis, infiltration, and cancer cells proliferation.

Heterologous prime-boost vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus genotype VII in chickens.

The effectiveness of two vectored ND vaccines (Innovax® ND and Vectormune® ND) was tested, in single and prime-boost vaccination programs, against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII, in eight chicken groups (G). G1 and G2 were control groups. G3-5 received Innovax® ND, while G6-8 received Vectormune® ND on the hatchery.

Need of booster vaccine doses to counteract the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of the Omicron variant and increasing COVID-19 cases: An update.

The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron (B.1.1.

The effect of metal-containing nanoparticles on the health, performance and production of livestock animals and poultry.

The application of high doses of mineral feed additives in the form of inorganic salts increases the growth performance of animals, but at the same, due to their low bioavailability, can contaminate the environment. Therefore, there is a need to find a replacement of administering high doses of minerals with an equally effective alternative. The application of lower doses of metal-containing nanoparticles with the same effect on animal production could be a potential solution.

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, salient features, high global health concerns and strategies to counter it amid ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Since the appearance in the late of December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly evolving and mutating continuously, giving rise to various variants with variable degrees of infectivity and lethality. The virus that initially appeared in China later mutated several times, wreaking havoc and claiming many lives worldwide amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. After Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, the most recently emerged variant of concern (VOC) is the Omicron (B.

Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Anticoccidial Agents in Broiler Chickens along with Its Impact on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status and Hematobiochemical Profile.

The impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the pathogenesis of coccidiosis in broiler chickens was tested. A total of 160 1-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n = 40). Group 1: unchallenged, unmedicated; Group 2: challenged, unmedicated; Group 3: challenged, supplemented with diclazuril (1 ppm); Group 4: challenged, supplemented with ZnO-NPs (20 ppm).

The use of black pepper (Piper guineense) as an ecofriendly antimicrobial agent to fight foodborne microorganisms.

Consumers demand clean-label food products, necessitating the search for new, natural antimicrobials to meet this demand while ensuring food safety. This review aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of black pepper (Piper guineense) against foodborne microorganisms. The existence of foodborne illness, food spoilage, food waste, the resulting negative economic impact of these issues, and consumer interests have all pushed the food industry to find alternative, safe, and natural antimicrobials to be used in foods and beverages.

Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: disease characteristics and prevention using organic antibiotic alternatives - a comprehensive review.

In line with the substantial increase in the broiler industry worldwide, Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis (NE) became a continuous challenge leading to high economic losses, especially after banning antimicrobial growth promoters in feeds by many countries. The disease is distributed worldwide in either clinical or subclinical form, causing a reduction in body weight or body weight gain and the feed conversion ratio, impairing the European Broiler Index or European Production Efficiency Factor. There are several predisposing factors in the development of NE.