Applying a semi-quantitative risk assessment on petroleum production unit.

Applying safety means in the industry, especially in the petroleum industry is very important to maintain the industrial facility. A semi-quantitative risk assessment as Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is used widely to quantify data after qualitative risk analysis as HAZOP using a simpler way than quantitative risk analysis 'QRA' as fault tree analysis 'FTA'. This determines if a new safety integrity function 'SIF' is needed.

Preparation and characterization of N-doped ZnO and N-doped TiO beads for photocatalytic degradation of phenol and ammonia.

N-doped ZnO beads (NZB) and N-doped TiO beads (NTB) were synthesized via a modified sol-gel technique utilizing chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads as basic support for photocatalyst. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen in the preparation of N-doped ZnO beads, while ammonium acetate, CHCOONH, was used as a nitrogen source in the production of N-doped TiO beads. The characteristics of synthesized beads were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N adsorption-desorption isotherms, BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) studies.

Loofa egyptiaca as a novel adsorbent for removal of direct blue dye from aqueous solution.

In this paper, Loofa egyptiaca (LE), an agricultural plant cultivated in Egypt, was used to prepare low-cost activated carbon (LE(C1) and LE(C2)) adsorbents. The adsorbents (LE, LE(C1) and LE(C2)) were evaluated for their ability to remove direct blue 106 dye from aqueous solutions. Batch mode experiments were conducted using various parameters such as pH, contact time, dye concentration and adsorbent concentration.