Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate conjugated to surface-modified Iron oxide nanoparticles as a magnetic targeting platform for photodynamic therapy of Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a targeted treatment option for cancers that are non-responding to ordinary anticancer therapies. It involves activating a photosensitizer with a light source of a specific wavelength to destroy targeted cells and their surrounding vasculature. Aluminum phthalocyanine tetra sulfonate (AlPcS) has gained attention as a second-generation photosensitizer for its strong absorption in the red-light region.

Seroepidemiological Survey on Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan.

Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that primarily affects ruminants in tropical and temperate regions. In the present study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to define the seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus and to identify the possible risk factors correlated with BTV seropositivity among cattle, sheep, and goats during the period 2015-2016 in Gadarif State. A total of 420 cattle, 877 sheep, and 641 goat serum samples were collected randomly from 12 localities.

Molecular survey of certain protozoan agents that cause diarrhea in children in Sudan.

Introduction: Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan.

Seroepidemiological survey of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia among cattle in El Jazeera State (Central Sudan).

Background: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an economically important infectious disease that is characterized by a variable course and insidious nature. A cross-sectional study was conducted in El Jazeera State, Central Sudan, to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CBPP in cattle from seven localities. A total of 218 serum samples were randomly collected from apparently healthy cattle aged older than 6 months between April and May 2021 and were tested serologically using a commercial ELISA kit.

Evaluating the Antagonistic Potential of Actinomycete Strains Isolated From Sudan's Soils Against .

Soil microorganisms play crucial roles in soil fertility, e.g., through decomposing organic matter, cycling nutrients or through beneficial interactions with plants.

Role of HLA-DQ typing and antitissue transglutaminase antibody titres in diagnosing coeliac disease among Sudanese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease (CD) and to recognise Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated hereditary susceptibility to Sudanese CD patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1).

Design: Antitissue transglutaminase IgA (anti-TG IgA) was measured in the serum of 373 children affected with DM1 aged 1-19-year old and in 100 serum samples from non-diabetic control children. Histological examination was performed in 19 children seropositive for anti-TG IgA (17 DMI and 2 controls).

Serological, virological and molecular diagnosis of an outbreak of lumpy skin disease among cattle in Butana area, Eastern Sudan.

Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious disease of cattle caused by a virus of the Poxviridae family, genus Capripoxvirus. The disease has great economic effects on the global cattle industry. In this study, an outbreak of LSD among cattle which occurred in Nahr Atbara and Halfa El Jadida locations in Butana area, Kassala State in November, 2020 is described.

SARS-CoV-2 at the human-animal interphase: A review.

Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 remains the recent leading disease of concern drawing the public health attention globally. The disease is known of viral origin and zoonotic nature originating from animals. However, to date neither the source of the spillover nor the intermediate hosts are identified.

Dengue Virus Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa Between 2010 and 2020: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection has garnered a global interest in the past few decades. Nevertheless, its epidemiology in certain developing and low-income regions remains poorly understood, due to the absence of comprehensive surveillance and reporting systems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of DENV infection in the population of Sub-Saharan Africa using DENV infection markers, and to track any changes in its prevalence during the past ten years.

Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Rodents are one of the most diversified terrestrial mammals, and they perform several beneficial activities in nature. These animals are also important as carriers of many pathogens with public health importance. The current systematic review was conducted to formulate a true depiction of rodent-related zoonoses in Qatar.

β-lactamases ) and class C β-lactamases gene frequency in isolated from various clinical specimens in Khartoum State, Sudan: a cross sectional study.

is a pathogenic bacterium, causing nosocomial infections with  intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to a large group of antibiotics, including β-lactams. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility pattern to selected antibiotics and to index the first reported β-lactamases genes frequency in in Khartoum State, Sudan. 121 clinical isolates from various clinical specimens were used in this cross sectional study conducted in Khartoum State.

A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel () in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan.

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease that affects wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by spp. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the period 2016-2017 in Gadarif state. A total of 276 sera samples were collected from camels in six localities of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan, to investigate bluetongue virus (BTV) seroprevalence and associated risk factors of BTV infection including age, sex, breed, locality, and ecology of the region.

Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan.

Background: Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids.

Prevalence of Antibodies to Simbu Serogroup Viruses in Cattle in Sudan.

The Simbu serogroup is one of the serogroups that belong to the genus of the family . Simbu serogroup viruses are transmitted mainly by biting midges. Meager information is available on Simbu serogroup virus infection in ruminants in Sudan.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In its occult form, hepatitis B virus infection can only be detected using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, increasing the cost of the screening process. Certain population subgroups are considered to have a higher risk of transmission and reactivation of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). This review aims to estimate the prevalence of OBI among these high-risk groups in Sudan.

Serological Investigations of Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Sheep and Goats in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan.

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious, noncontagious, vector-borne viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants. BTV is a member of the genus of the family Reoviridae. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in sheep and goats in Kassala State, Sudan.

Prevalence and risk factors of Hantavirus infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Khartoum, Sudan, in 2019: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Hantaviruses are enveloped negative sense RNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of Hantavirus IgG antibodies and possible risk factors for Hantaviruses infections among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients attending the Dr Salma dialysis center in Sudan.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in which 91 ESRD patients and 30 healthy plasma samples were screened for Hantavirus IgG antibodies using ELISA.

Photobiomodulation of avian embryos by red laser.

The current research focuses on the effect of variable doses of red laser on the chick embryonic development. He-Ne laser of 632-nm wavelength was used as an irradiation source in the first 48 h post-laying of chicken eggs. We have used five different doses: 2, 1, 0.

The Prospective Beneficial Effects of Red Laser Exposure on Fermentation of Skim Milk.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria are crucial producers of fermented dairy products that are popular functional foods in many countries. The health benefits of probiotic bacteria are mainly attributed to their effective bioactive metabolites. The quality of fermented milk is mainly dependent on the bacterial strain used in the fermentation process.

Exploring optical spectroscopic techniques and nanomaterials for virus detection.

Viral infections pose significant health challenges globally by affecting millions of people worldwide and consequently resulting in a negative impact on both socioeconomic development and health. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a clear example of how a virus can have a global impact in the society and has demonstrated the limitations of detection and diagnostic capabilities globally. Another virus which has posed serious threats to world health is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which is a lentivirus of the retroviridae family responsible for causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A Review of Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer Treatment.

Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Among the different types of cancers, lung cancer is considered to be the leading cause of death related to cancer and the most commonly diagnosed form of such disease. Chemotherapy remains a dominant treatment modality for many types of cancers at different stages.