Carbohydrate microcapsules tailored and grafted for covalent immobilization of glucose isomerase for pharmaceutical and food industries.

Carrageenan is one of the most common carbohydrates utilised in the entrapment industry to immobilise cells and enzymes. However, it lacks functionality. Carrageenan has been grafted to produce fructose by covalently immobilising glucose isomerase (GI).

HPLC with fluorescence detection for the bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic study of Doxorubicin and Prodigiosin loaded on eco-friendly casein nanomicelles in rat plasma.

A rapid, efficient, and sensitive liquid chromatographic assay hyphenated to fluorometric detector (HPLC-FLD) was developed and validated for the determination of doxorubicin (DXR) and prodigiosin (PDG) in rat plasma. The sample pre-treatment involves a protein precipitation with acetonitrile with satisfying extraction efficiency (98% and 85% for DXR and PDG, respectively). The chromatographic separation was accomplished using stationary phase: Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus-C18 analytical column (250 × 4.

Biological activities and variation of symbiotic fungi isolated from Coral reefs collected from Red Sea in Egypt.

Ten specimens of coral reefs were collected from the Red Sea in the Ein El-Sukhna region. Fungal isolation was done using two media, Dextrose Yeast Extract Agar (DYA) and Rose Bengal Agar (RBA). The morphological traits identified 18 fungal isolates belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Mucoromycota and Deuteromycota.

Immobilization of halophilic Aspergillus awamori EM66 exochitinase on grafted k-carrageenan-alginate beads.

A novel extreme halophilic exochitinase enzyme was produced by honey isolate Aspergillus awamori EM66. The enzyme was immobilized successfully on k-carrageenan-alginate gel carrier (CA) with 93 % immobilization yield. The immobilization process significantly improved the enzyme specific activity 2.

Biofiltration technology for the removal of toluene from polluted air using Streptomyces griseus.

Biofiltration technology has been recognized as a promising biotechnology for treating the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in polluted air. This study aims to investigate the performance of a biofiltration system of Streptomyces griseus sp. DSM-40759 immobilized on activated carbon (PICA S23) towards the adsorption and degradation of toluene vapour as well as to regenerate the activated carbon in situ.

High expression level of antioxidants and pharmaceutical bioactivities of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum JN711454.

In order to maximize antioxidant activity of pharmaceutical bioactive endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum JN711454 during fermentation process, designed fermentation experiments of culture media for three levels of eight culture factors were performed using a Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) design with layout L18 (2(1) × 3(7)). The agitation and the potato extract were the most significant affecting factors, and their interaction contributed significantly to fungus activity. The production of antioxidants was more favorable for static condition with 25 g potato extract/100 m.

Isolation of Enterococcus faecium NM113, Enterococcus faecium NM213 and Lactobacillus casei NM512 as novel probiotics with immunomodulatory properties.

Probiotics, defined as living bacteria that are beneficial for human health, mainly function through their immunomodulatory abilities. Hence, these microorganisms have proven successful for treating diseases resulting from immune deregulation. The aim of this study was to find novel candidates to improve on and complement current probiotic treatment strategies.

Optimal immobilization of β-galactosidase onto κ-carrageenan gel beads using response surface methodology and its applications.

β-Galactosidase (β-gal) was immobilized by covalent binding on novel κ-carrageenan gel beads activated by two-step method; the gel beads were soaked in polyethyleneimine followed by glutaraldehyde. 2(2) full-factorial central composite experiment designs were employed to optimize the conditions for the maximum enzyme loading efficiency. 11.

Biological evaluation of endophytic fungus, Chaetomium globosum JN711454, as potential candidate for improving drug discovery.

The main objective of this research work focused on investigating the biological and chemical aspects of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, for pharmaceutical purposes to improve the drug discovery process. The endophytic C. globosum was isolated from healthy leaves of Egyptian medicinal plant Adiantum capillus-veneris collected from Saint Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt.

Improvement of erythromycin production by Saccharopolyspora erythraea in molasses based medium through cultivation medium optimization.

In the present work, erythromycin production was carried out in submerged culture using Saccharopolyspora erythraea. Different experiments were conducted to optimize the cultivation medium through the change of carbon and nitrogen sources to cheaper one in order to reduce the cost of medium and to utilize sugar cane molasses as one of major sugar industry by-products in Egypt. It was found that the addition of sugar cane molasses a sole carbon source at a concentration of 60 g/l accompanied by corn steep liquor (as organic N-source) in combination with ammonium sulphate (as inorganic N-source) gave the maximal erythromycin production.

Improvement of rifemycins production by Amycolatopsis mediterranei in batch and fed-batch cultures.

The production of rifamycins B and SV using glucose as main C-source by Amycolatopsis mediterranei in batch and fed-batch culture was investigated. Fed-batch culture using glucose as mono feeding substrate either in the form of pulse addition, in case of shake flask, or with constant feeding rate, in bioreactor level, proved to be an alternative production system with a significant increase in both volumetric and specific antibiotic production. The maximal concentrations of about 1146 mg/l and 2500 mg/l of rifamycins B and SV, respectively, was obtained in fed-batch culture in bioreactor level under non-oxygen limitation.

Lipase production from a novel thermophilic Bacillus sp.: application of Plackett-Burman design for evaluating culture conditions affecting enzyme formation.

A novel thermophilic Bacillus sp. capable of producing lipase was locally isolated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16SrDNA sequence revealed its close relationship to Bacillus thermoleovorans.

Optimization of the cultivation medium for natamycin production by Streptomyces natalensis.

The effects of certain nutrients on natamycin production by Streptomyces natalensis in submerged batch culture were studied. The production of this antibiotic required glucose in the cultivation medium with a concentration of 20 g/l. On the other hand, the highest antibiotic production was obtained in a cultivation medium containing 0.

Studies of rifamycin production by Amycolatopsis mediterranei cells immobilized on glass wool.

Cells of Amycolatopsis mediterranei CBS 42575 were immobilized on glass wool for the production of rifamycins B and SV. Glass wool (CORNING type) of 8 microns in diameter has a better entrapment capacity for microbial cells of microorganism than the other types of glass wool used. The most suitable amount of glass wool was 0.

Production and properties of fibrinolytic enzyme fromStreptomyces sp. NRC 411.

Of 16Streptomyces spp. investigated for the production of extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme, one species was chosen as the most promising producer. Using shaken cultures grown for 7 days, optimal conditions for enzyme production were pH 6.

Cellulose-decomposing fungi.

The present article gives a survey of the cellulose-decomposing fungi. It is concerned with the micro-organisms having the capability of degradating cellulose sources. It includes the factors influencing cellulose-decomposing fungi, cellulose-decomposing enzymes, mechanisms of degradation, and factors influencing the cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases).