Hybrid nanoparticles combining nanoselenium-mediated Carica papaya extract and trimethyl chitosan for combating clinical multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health, prompting the exploration of innovative solutions. In this study, a new series of antibacterial hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) were developed. The HNPs are based on a combination of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), synthesized using Carica papaya leaf extract, and chitosan (CS/SeHNPs) or trimethyl chitosan (TMC/SeHNPs), respectively.

Linagliptin Mitigates TGF-β1 Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Tacrolimus-Induced Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Smad/ERK/P38 and HIF-1α/LOXL2 Signaling Pathways.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a novel anti-diabetic medication family, are renoprotective in diabetes, but a comparable benefit in chronic non-diabetic kidney diseases is still under investigation. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of linagliptin's (Lina) protective role in a rat model of chronic kidney injury caused by tacrolimus (TAC) independent of blood glucose levels. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were equally randomized into four groups and treated daily for 28 d as follows: The control group; received olive oil (1 mL/kg/d, subcutaneously), group 2; received Lina (5 mg/kg/d, orally), group 3; received TAC (1.

Linagliptin ameliorates tacrolimus-induced renal injury: role of Nrf2/HO-1 and HIF-1α/CTGF/PAI-1.

Background: Tacrolimus (TAC) is a frequently used immunosuppressive medication in organ transplantation. However, its nephrotoxic impact limits its long-term usage. This study aims to investigate the effect of linagliptin (Lina) on TAC-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanisms.

Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats: Involvement of TGF-β1, Tissue Factor, and VEGF.

Methotrexate (MTX) is an indispensable drug used for the treatment of many autoimmune and cancerous diseases. However, its clinical use is associated with serious side effects, such as lung fibrosis. The main objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that hydroxytyrosol (HT) can mitigate MTX-induced lung fibrosis in rats while synergizing MTX anticancer effects.

Linking Cognitive Impairment with Amyloid-β Accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Behavioral Tests and FTIR Spectroscopy.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progresses over time. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis gives identification of the main metabolic changes that happen during neurodegeneration, by monitoring biochemical and molecular structure alterations that can help in AD diagnosis or treatment approach.

Objective: The aim of the present work is to assess AD hallmarks in molecular structure of retina and monitor accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ) in brain and retina during disease progression.

Estrogen Attenuates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Female Rats via Modulation of Estrogen Receptor/FASN/CD36/IL-6 Axis.

This study was designed to evaluate the potential protective impact of estrogen and estrogen receptor against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. The levels of liver injury serum biomarkers, liver content of interleukin-6 (IL-6), relative liver weight and distortion of liver histological pictures were significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and SHAM rats that received DEN alone and were further exaggerated when DEN was combined with fulvestrant (F) compared to non-DEN treated rats. The OVX rats showed higher insults than SHAM rats.

PRIMA-1 synergizes olaparib-induced cell death in p53 mutant triple negative human breast cancer cell line via restoring p53 function, arresting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis.

This study concerned with assessing the effect of restoring p53 using PRIMA-1 on the anti-cancer activity of olaparib against TP53-mutant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and exploring the optimum synergistic concentrations and the underlying mechanism. Human BC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 with mutated TP53 gene, and MCF-7 with wild-type TP53 gene were treated with olaparib and/or PRIMA-1. The IC value for olaparib was significantly decreased by PRIMA-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells compared to MCF-7 cells.

Effect of Functional Groups on Low-Concentration Carbon Dioxide Capture in -Type Metal-Organic Frameworks.

The selective capture of low-concentration CO from air or confined spaces remains a great challenge. In this study, various functional groups were introduced into to generate functionalized derivatives (, = , , , and ), aiming at significantly enhancing CO adsorption and separation efficiency. More significantly, and with high polarity exhibit exceptional CO affinity and optimal separation characteristics in mixed CO/O/N (1:21:78).

Prognosis of Biomarker of Alzheimer's Disease in the Function of the Retina and Secondary Molecular Structure Variation of the Retina and Brain.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurodegenerative diseases in the globe. As a result, there is an acute need to discover indications that allow for early disease detection. There is growing scientific data showing the similarities between the eye and other central nervous system components, suggesting that information obtained in ophthalmic research might be valuable in the study and diagnosis of AD.

Olmesartan ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is considered a fatal complication of cyclophosphamide (CP). Down-regulation of Nrf2 and induction of pro-inflammatory mediators are the main pathological factors. Recently, ameliorative potential of the angiotensin II (AII) type-1 (AT1) receptor blocker olmesartan (OLM) on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines was reported.

Zirconium Metal-Organic Cages: Synthesis and Applications.

ConspectusFor the last two decades, materials scientists have contributed to a growing library of porous crystalline materials. These synthetic materials are typically extended networks, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), or discrete materials like metal-organic cages (MOCs) and porous organic cages (POCs). Advanced porous materials have shown promise for various applications due to their modular nature and structural tunability.

Chiral proline-substituted porous organic cages in asymmetric organocatalysis.

The efficient preparation of chiral porous organic cages (POCs) with specific functions is challenging, and their application in asymmetric catalysis has not previously been explored. In this work, we have achieved the construction of chiral POCs based on a supramolecular tetraformyl-resorcin[4]arene scaffold with different chiral proline-modified diamine ligands and utilizing dynamic imine chemistry. The incorporation of V-shaped or linear chiral diamines affords the [4 + 8] square prism and [6 + 12] octahedral POCs respectively.

Water-stable hydrazone-linked porous organic cages.

Although porous organic cages (POCs), particularly imine-linked (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N) ones, have advanced significantly over the last few decades, the reversible nature of imine linkages makes them prone to hydrolysis and structural collapse, severely limiting their applications under moist or water conditions. Herein, seven water-stable hydrazone-linked (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N-N) POCs are prepared through a simple coupling of the same supramolecular tetraformylresorcin[4]arene cavitand with different dihydrazide linkers. Their structures are all determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, demonstrating rich structural diversity from the [2 + 4] lantern, [3 + 6] triangular prism, and unprecedented [4 + 8] square prism to the extra-large [6 + 12] octahedron.

Deacetylated cellulose acetate nanofibrous dressing loaded with chitosan/propolis nanoparticles for the effective treatment of burn wounds.

Every year, about 1 out of 9 get burnt in Egypt, with a mortality rate of 37%, and they suffer from physical disfigurement and trauma. For the treatment of second-degree burns, we aim at making a smart bandage provided with control of drug release (using chitosan nanoparticles) to enhance the healing process. This bandage is composed of natural materials; namely, cellulose acetate (CA), chitosan, and propolis (bee resin) as the loaded drug.

Loss of RAR-α and RXR-α and enhanced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in N-acetyl-p-aminophenol-induced liver injury in mice is tissue factor dependent.

Tissue factor (TF) activates the coagulation system and has an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Our previous study stated that retinoid receptors (RAR-α and RXR-α) are released as a lipid droplet in monocrotaline/ lipopolysaccharide-induced idiosyncratic liver toxicity in mice. Herein, the interdependence between the release of retinoid receptors RAR-α and RXR-α and TF in Nacetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced mice liver toxicity, is investigated.

Solvatomorphism Influence of Porous Organic Cage on CH/CO Separation.

Porous organic molecular (POM) materials can exhibit solvatomorphs via altering their crystallographic packing in the solid state, but investigating real gas mixture separation by porous materials with such a behavior is still very rare. Herein, we report that a lantern-shaped calix[4]resorcinarene-based porous organic cage (POC, namely, ) can exhibit eight distinct solid-state solvatomorphs via crystallization in different solvents. This POC solvatomorphism has a significant influence on their gas sorption capacities as well as separation abilities.

Association between interleukin 28B polymorphism and sustained virological response to sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 Egyptian patients.

What Is Known And Objective: Sofosbuvir has been approved as the first nonstructural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor with pan-genotypic activity against the hepatitis C (HCV) virus. Daclatasvir is a first-in-class hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the reference single nucleotide polymorphism (rs12979860) interleukin 28B (CC genotype) for predicting sustained virological response to sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in Egyptian patients infected with HCV-4.

The chemopreventive effect of thymol against dimethylhydrazine and/or high fat diet-induced colon cancer in rats: Relevance to NF-κB.

Aim: Evaluating the possible protective effect of thymol as an approach against 1,2 N,N-dimethylhydrazine and/or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced colon cancer.

Main Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, namely a normal control group, colon cancer groups received DMH (40 mg/kg i.p.

A conceptual framework modeling of functional microbial communities in wastewater treatment electro-bioreactors.

Understanding the microbial ecology of a system allows linking members of the community and their metabolic functions to the performance of the wastewater bioreactor. This study provided a comprehensive conceptual framework for microbial communities in wastewater treatment electro-bioreactors (EBRs). The model was based on data acquired from monitoring the effect of altering different bioreactor operational parameters, such as current density and hydraulic retention time, on the microbial communities of an EBR and its nutrient removal efficiency.

Dynamic metal-organic frameworks for the separation of hydrogen isotopes.

Reversible structural transformation upon exposure to external stimuli can lead to breathing effect or gate-opening phenomena for dynamic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which endow them with excellent gas separation performance. The separation of hydrogen isotopes remains a huge challenge due to their nearly identical physical and chemical properties. The unique feature of dynamic MOFs, especially structural transition triggered by isotopes or by temperature, maximally enhances kinetic quantum sieving and contributes to the highly selective separation of hydrogen isotopes.

The protective role of estrogen and its receptors in gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Aim: Investigating the impact of 17β-Estradiol/estrogen receptors in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Main Methods: Three weeks post-ovariectomy or sham surgery for the Wistar albino female rats, thirty sham rats were randomly grouped (n = 6), received either vehicle or gentamicin; the estrogen receptors down regulator (fulvestrant); gentamicin plus fulvestrant; gentamicin plus the phytoestrogen (genistein). Forty-eight ovariectomized rats were randomly grouped (n = 6), treated with either vehicle or gentamicin; fulvestrant; gentamicin plus fulvestrant; genistein; gentamicin plus genistein; estradiol benzoate; gentamicin plus estradiol benzoate.

Analytical Study of Fuel Switching from Heavy Fuel Oil to Natural Gas in clay brick factories at Arab Abu Saed, Greater Cairo.

Arab Abu Saed area in Giza governorate, south to Cairo contains more than 228 clay brick kilns represent the largest cluster of brickworks in Egypt. Burning of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) in such kilns is the main source of air pollution in the surrounding locations. In this study, investigation of switching the fuel used in brick kilns from (HFO) to Natural Gas (NG) is carried out and the pollution loads are assessed in both cases.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection of trace water in an organic solvent based on bimetallic lanthanide metal-organic frameworks.

Here we report a new sensor Tb97.11Eu2.89-L1 that enables ratiometric detection of trace water in CH3CN.

Nebivolol enhances the effect of alendronate against methylprednisolone-induced osteoporosis in rats.

This study aimed to assess the possible modulatory effect of nebivolol against methylprednisolone-induced osteoporosis in rats. Weekly administration of methylprednisolone (7 mg/kg), for six consecutive weeks caused significant increases in serum calcium, bone malondialdehyde, and hydroxyproline as well as serum alkaline phosphatase, but it significantly decreased serum phosphorous and osteocalcin, bone reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide (NO) as well as bone antioxidant enzymes activities compared with the control group. The results were confirmed by histopathological findings of femur bone.