Premedication with Diclofenac and Precurarization with Atracurium on Succinylcholine-Induced Myalgia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Double-Blinded Randomized Study.

Background And Aims: Succinylcholine is the only available depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that has been widely used in the induction of anesthesia, and it is the drug of choice for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia due to its rapid onset of effect and ultrashort duration of action owing to its rapid hydrolysis by acetyl-cholinesterase. Postoperative muscle pain (myalgia) and muscle stiffness are the most common side effects and are observed most frequently on the 1 postoperative day in ambulatory surgery. The use of succinylcholine in the induction of anesthesia and intubation in routine cases has been discouraged because of such adverse effects.

Use of Paravertebral Block as an Alternative to General Anesthesia for Breast Surgeries: A Randomized Control Study.

Background: General anaesthesia (GA) is the conventional technique used for surgical treatment of breast lumps. However, various side effects and complications of GA, such as postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and increased hospital stay increase morbidity in patients. Regional anaesthesia using multiple injection paravertebral block is an ideal alternative to GA for breast surgeries.

Factors affecting the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate Indian dental students.

Background: The objective was to assess the prevalence and the associated demographic factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate (UG) Indian dental students and determine whether the pattern is different in government-run institutions and those managed by private authorities.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental UG students from five dental colleges. Snowball sampling was used to approach 776 potential participants, resulting in a complete response from 507 students.

Pattern of buccal and palatal bone density in the maxillary premolar region: an anatomical basis of anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique.

Background: The anterior-middle superior alveolar (AMSA) anesthetic technique has been reported to be a less traumatic alternative to several conventional nerve blocks and local infiltration for anesthesia of the maxillary teeth, their periodontium, and the palate. However, its anatomic basis remains controversial. The present study aimed to determine if the pattern of cortical and cancellous bone density in the maxillary premolar region can provide a rationale for the success of the AMSA anesthetic technique.

Current status of the anterior middle superior alveolar anesthetic injection for periodontal procedures in the maxilla.

Periodontal procedures require adequate anesthesia not only to ensure the patient's comfort but also to enhance the operator's performance and minimize chair time. In the maxilla, anesthesia is often achieved using highly traumatic nerve blocks, apart from multiple local infiltrations through the buccal vestibule. In recent years, anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) field block has been claimed to be a less traumatic alternative to several of these conventional injections, and it has many other advantages.

Comparative study of antidiabetic activity of Cajanus cajan and Tamarindus indica in alloxan-induced diabetic mice with a reference to in vitro antioxidant activity.

Background: Oxidative stress not only develops complications in diabetic (type 1 and type 2) but also contributes to beta cell destruction in type 2 diabetes in insulin resistance hyperglycemia. Glucose control plays an important role in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance. Some antidiabetic agents may by themselves have antioxidant properties independently of their role on glucose control.

Antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves (MPBL).

Materials And Methods: MPBL was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Analgesic activity of MPBL was evaluated by hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests.

Estimating bulk density of compacted grains in storage bins and modifications of Janssen's load equations as affected by bulk density.

Janssen created a classical theory based on calculus to estimate static vertical and horizontal pressures within beds of bulk corn. Even today, his equations are widely used to calculate static loadings imposed by granular materials stored in bins. Many standards such as American Concrete Institute (ACI) 313, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers EP 433, German DIN 1055, Canadian Farm Building Code (CFBC), European Code (ENV 1991-4), and Australian Code AS 3774 incorporated Janssen's equations as the standards for static load calculations on bins.

Antimicrobial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic compounds from Piper chaba.

The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of the root of Piper chaba showed antimicrobial, antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. Further bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of Bornyl piperate (1), piperlonguminine (2) and piperine (3). This is the first report of isolation of compounds (1) and (2) from P.

Mosquitocidal triterpenes from the stem of Duranta repens.

Two triterpenes, beta-amyrin and 12-oleanene 3beta, 21beta-diol, were isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanol extract of Duranta repens Linn (Verbenaceae) stem. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by analysis of their IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The mixture of beta-amyrin and 12-oleanene 3beta, 21beta-diol (compound 1) was highly effective against the larvae of the mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), as a mosquitocide.

Isolation of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol from methanolic extract of root bark of Calotropis gigantea (Linn).

Aim of this study is to identify and characterize the bioactive principles from the root bark of Calotropis gigantea. It has wide folk medicinal use. For isolation of the compounds, the dried root bark's powder of Calotropis gigantea were subjected to hot extraction and then the crude methanol (MeOH) extract was fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate.

Antishigellosis and Cytotoxic Potency of Crude Extracts and Isolated Constituents from Duranta repens.

The crude ethanol extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and two triterpenes, β-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3β, 21β-diol, isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract of Duranta repens stem, were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The chloroform soluble fraction of stem and ethanol extract of fruits possess potent antishigellosis activity and also exhibited moderate activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi but the isolated compound 1 (mixture of β-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3β, 21β-diol) showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity to microbial growth.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Laportea crenulata.

Crude extracts and 2alpha,3beta,21beta,24beta,28-pentahydroxy-olean-12-ene (1) obtained from the root of Laportea crenulata exhibited remarkable antibacterial activities against both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. The antifungal activities of crude extracts and compound (1) were also determined. The cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and compound (1) were observed by brine shrimp bioassay and LC(50) value of the compound (1) was found to be 27.

A new triterpenoid from roots of Laportea crenulata and its antifungal activity.

A new triterpenoid 2alpha,3beta,21beta,23,28-penta hydroxyl 12-oleanene and two known compounds were isolated from the roots of Laportea crenulata Gaud. The structures of all compounds were elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data. The two known compounds beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside are also the first report of isolation from this plant.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from the seeds of Annona squamosa.

Annotemoyin-1, Annotemoyin-2, squamocin and cholesteryl glucopyranoside were isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa. These compounds and plant extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Antibacterial compounds from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia.

Psoralidin, bakuchicin, psoralin and angelicin, isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, showed significant antibacterial activities against a number of Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria.

E-octadec-7-en-5-ynoic acid from the roots of Capparis zeylanica.

A new fatty acid, E-octadec-7-en-5-ynoic acid (1), has been isolated from chloroform extract of the roots of Capparis zeylanica. The structure of this compound was established primarily by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy.

Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of goniothalamin isolated from Bryonopsis laciniosa.

The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of goniothalamin isolated from Bryonopsis laciniosa was investigated. Goniothalamin showed potent cytotoxicity with LC50 values (5.03 microg/mL) comparable with the reference standard agent, gallic acid.

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) grown in Bangladesh.

The cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of crude extracts from the leaves of Sida rhombifolia were investigated. The ethyl acetate extract showed potent cytotoxicity with LC50 values (5.41 ppm) comparable to the reference standard, gallic acid.

Antibacterial compounds from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium.

1-Methyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(24beta)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene, isolated from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium, showed remarkable antibacterial activities against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species.