Assessment of genotype by environment and yield performance of tropical maize hybrids using stability statistics and graphical biplots.

Background: Enhancing maize grain yield in tropical regions faces significant challenges due to variability in agroclimate, soil conditions, and agroecosystems. Understanding genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction (GEI) in plant breeding is crucial for selecting and developing high-yielding genotypes adapted to diverse environments.

Methods: Ten maize hybrids, including eight candidates and two commercial varieties, were evaluated across ten environments in Indonesia using a randomized complete block design with three replications.