Evaluation of rations containing bioconverted cacao pod as fiber source for small ruminant.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of bioconverted cacao pod (BCP) as a substitute for forage in the total mixed ration (TMR) for a small ruminant. In the in vitro experiment, the control TMR (30% forage and 70% concentrate) was substituted with two different levels of BCP (15% and 30%) and two different types of BCP ( BCP-pc and BCP-tv). Based on the in vitro evaluation, the best ration was then chosen for the in vivo experiment, in which male goats were fed a control TMR, the TMR containing 15% BCP-pc (RC), and TMR containing 15% bioconverted palm kernel meal (RP).

Retrofitting of concrete for rigid pavement using bacterial: A meta-analysis.

Cracking in tension causes damage to regular concrete. When the surface of the concrete cracks, liquids can enter and damage the structure. Remediating concrete in rigid pavements is time-consuming, costly, and challenging.