Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Patient With Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and HIV: A Diagnostic Challenge for Clinicians Caring for a Migrant Population in the United States.

Migration routes determine exposure to endemic infections. We present a case of complex cutaneous leishmaniasis in a man with HIV infection who migrated to the United States from Haiti, where is uncommon, acquiring leishmaniasis while on his journey via South America and Central America. His presentation included hyperpigmented, nonulcerated plaques and nodules on his extremities, chest, back, face, palms, and soles; initially he had no mucosal lesions.

Multiple fibrotic lung nodules in a patient with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Evaluation of bilateral lung nodules noted on imaging poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians as it can have many differentials from benign to malignant causes. It becomes especially critical to identify them right when there are underlying autoimmune conditions and risk factors for infection. However, a thorough investigation can lead to the recognition of rare associations as described below.

A Rare Case of Pure Primary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder.

Primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the gallbladder is a rare malignancy which is often associated with non-LCNEC histologic components. Histologically "pure" LCNECs of the gallbladder are exceedingly rare with only 15 cases reported in the medical literature. Clinically, LCNECs present with abdominal pain and jaundice and follow an aggressive course with patients surviving a median of 15 months following initial diagnosis.

Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma in a Forty-Year-Old Woman.

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcomas (PPLs) are rare aggressive malignancies originating from the smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary interstitium, bronchial tree, or blood vessels. Accounting for <0.5% of lung tumors, PPLs are often initially undetected or misdiagnosed as pulmonary emboli, cardiac neoplasms, or as other more common lung cancer subtypes.

Ethylmalonic Encephalopathy 1 Protein Is Increased in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: Ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein (ETHE1) plays an important role in sulfide catabolism and polysulfide formation. As sulfides and polysulfides have recently been identified as playing important roles in cancer, we hypothesized that ETHE1 expression would be increased in colon cancer.

Materials And Methods: We used tissue microarray analysis to compare ETHE1 expression in benign colonic epithelium compared to colonic adenocarcinoma.

Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Is Increased in Testicular Seminomas, Embryonal, and Yolk Sac Tumors.

Background: Testicular cancer constitutes 1.0% of male cancer and typically carries a good prognosis. As far as we are aware, the role for hydrogen sulfide in testicular cancer and the level of hydrogen sulfide-synthesizing enzyme have never been addressed.

Hydrogen sulfide and DNA repair.

Recent evidence has revealed that exposing cells to exogenous H 2 S or inhibiting cellular H 2 S synthesis can modulate cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage and repair, and the expression of proteins involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, all suggesting that H 2 S plays an important role in the DNA damage response (DDR). Here we review the role of H 2 S in the DRR and maintenance of genomic stability. Treatment of various cell types with pharmacologic H 2 S donors or cellular H 2 S synthesis inhibitors modulate the G 1 checkpoint, inhibition of DNA synthesis, and cause p21, and p53 induction.

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Preceding Type 2 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the predominant renal malignancy in adults. Of the four general subtypes, papillary renal cell carcinoma (P-RCC) is the second most common and can be subdivided into type I, type II, and a mixture of type I and II. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy at all ages, and it can be seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome.

Histopathologic Study of Pathergy Test in Behçet's Disease.

Background: The pathergy test (PT) is important in the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD). However, misinterpretation of the test might cause false-positive or false-negative results. Therefore, immunopathologic and histopathologic tests are recommended with PT.

Serum levels of natriuretic peptides in patients with Behcet's disease.

The objective of our study was to elucidate serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in Behcet's disease (BD) patients with active and inactive period. The multicenter study included 53 patients with active (n = 28) and inactive (n = 25) BD (mean age, 34.3 +/- 9 years; 15 men and 38 women) satisfying the International Study Group criteria and 26 healthy controls (mean age, 34.