Ultrasonographic predictors of thyroid cancer in Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules.

Background: Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules continue to be difficult to manage. Although molecular testing may assist in decision-making, it is expensive, not widely available, and not without pitfalls. The objective of this study is to assess whether certain thyroid ultrasonographic features may predict the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules and be used as additional decision-making tools to complement cytopathological results in deciding on diagnostic thyroidectomy.

Impulse control disorders in patients with dopamine agonist-treated pituitary adenomas: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

Background: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been described as underrecognized side effects of dopamine agonists (DAs) in neurological disorders but are not sufficiently understood in endocrine conditions.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of DAs induced ICDs and determine potential risk factors related to these disorders in patients with prolactinoma and non-function pituitary adenomas (NFPAs).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional multicenter study involving 200 patients with prolactinoma and NFPAs, who received follow-ups in tertiary referral centers.

Management of menopause: a survey of physicians from the Middle East and Africa.

Objective: This study evaluated physicians' perceptions, practices, confidence, comfort level and prior training in managing menopause.

Methods: A survey was conducted of a convenience sample of physicians from the Middle East and Africa (MEA) in 2019. We covered knowledge of symptoms, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), other menopause management strategies and prior training in menopause medicine.

Urinary Proteome Differences in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Pre and Post Liraglutide Treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multisystem disease with a high global prevalence. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide is known to lower glucose levels and reduce weight. However, the mechanisms underlying the benefits of liraglutide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear.

Hybrid Nanoparticles of Manganese Oxide and Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide for Photodynamic Therapy.

Background: Graphene-based nanomaterials possess unique optical, physicochemical and biomedical properties which make them potential tools for imaging and therapy. Manganese oxide nanoparticles are attractive candidates for contrast agents in magnetic resonance imagint (MRI). We used manganese oxide (Mn3O4) and highly reduced graphene oxide (HRG) to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles (HRG-Mn3O4) and tested their efficacy for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in breast cancer cells.

Adoption of telemedicine care for osteoporotic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of telemedicine care provided to osteoporotic patients in Saudi Arabia. Our results show that this service was effective and feasible, and patients had a good rate of satisfaction with it.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of telemedicine care in osteoporotic patients during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Saudi Arabia compared to in-person patients, as well as their satisfaction with this service.

Nanocomposites of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide and Manganese Oxide for Photodynamic Therapy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional methods of cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, are associated with multiple side effects. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic modality for cancer treatment without adversely affecting normal tissue.

Proportion and predictors of Hypogonadism Recovery in Men with Macroprolactinomas treated with dopamine agonists.

Introduction: Hypogonadism is the most common form of hypopituitarism in men with macroprolactinoma. However, evidence on factors related to hypogonadism recovery is limited.

Objectives: We estimated the proportion of hypogonadism in men with macroprolactinoma exclusively treated with dopamine agonists, and we assessed the factors predicting hypogonadism recovery.

Plasma proteomics reveals an improved cardio-metabolic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes post-liraglutide treatment.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multisystem disease with a high global prevalence, including in Saudi Arabia. The Glucagon-like Peptide (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide is known to lower glucose levels, reduce weight and improve cardiovascular outcome. However, mechanisms underlying the benefits of liraglutide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear.

Fructosamine as an Index of Short-Term Glycemic Control in Pregnant Women with Diabetes: Before, During and After Ramadan.

Purpose: Impact of ramadan fasting on healthy and women with diabetes is already known. However, there is a scarcity of data on impact of fasting on pregnant women with diabetes. Moreover, religious and medical recommendations advise pregnant women against fasting as it is unsafe.

A Novel Mutation in a Gene Causes Sclerosteosis in a Family of Mediterranean Origin.

: Sclerostin is an gene product that inhibits osteoblast activity and prevents excessive bone formation by antagonizing the Wnt signaling pathway. Sclerosteosis has been linked to loss of function mutations in the gene. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by craniotubular hyperostosis and can lead to fatal cerebellar herniation.

Phytochemicals reverse P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistance via signal transduction pathways.

P-glycoprotein, encoded by ATP-binding cassette transporters B1 gene (ABCB1), renders multidrug resistance (MDR) during cancer chemotherapy. Several synthetic small molecule inhibitors affect P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transport function in MDR tumor cells. However, inhibition of P-gp transport function adversely accumulates chemotherapeutic drugs in non-target normal tissues.

Radiofrequency Ablation as a Primary Therapy for Benign Functioning Insulinoma.

Objective: Insulinomas are rare, life-threatening pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surgical removal continues to be the treatment of choice, yet it is associated with considerable risk of morbidity. Here, we describe our patient with insulinoma who was successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation.

Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment.

Hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by increased circulating thyroid hormone levels, alters the body's metabolic and systemic hemodynamic balance and directly influences renal function. In this study, the urinary proteome of patients with hyperthyroidism was characterized using an untargeted proteomic approach with network analysis. Urine samples were collected from nine age-matched patients before and after carbimazole treatment.

The Relationship Between Thyroid Function and Body Composition, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Insulin Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Euthyroid Subjects Compared to Non-obese Subjects.

Background/objectives: Thyroid function tests (TFTs) changes in obese people have been studied with increasing interest, however, studies have been inconsistent hence it remains poorly understood. We compared the TFTs of morbidly obese euthyroid Saudi subjects with non-obese controls and then we examined the influence of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin resistance on TFTs.

Subjects/methods: Fifty-five euthyroid obese subjects attending bariatric surgery clinic and 52 non-obese age-and gender-matched controls were recruited.

Identification of Protein Changes in the Urine of Hypothyroid Patients Treated with Thyroxine Using Proteomics Approach.

The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones control a multitude of homeostatic functions including maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and normal functioning of the kidneys. Thyroid dysfunction alters the sytemic hemodynamic and metabolic balance, thereby affecting the kidney. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize the urinary proteome of the patients with hypothyroidism.

Physician' attitudes to growth hormone replacement therapy in adults following pituitary surgery: Results of an online survey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate physician attitudes and practices in the management of adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) following pituitary surgery.

Materials And Methods: An online questionnaire survey was sent to a sample group of physicians.

Results: A total of 131 respondents provided usable responses.

Patient-Reported Outcomes and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the second highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Middle East. There is a paucity of research on the experiences and treatment preferences of patients with T2DM in KSA. This study explored Saudi patients' health-related quality of life, eating habits, experiences during Ramadan, and preference between two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment devices.

Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by Coronavirus disease 2019 infection: Case series.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a devastating pandemic since December 2019. Saudi Arabia's first case was reported in March 2020. Subsequently, some 220,000 cases and 2000 deaths were recorded through July 2020.

Clinical presentation, evaluation and case management of primary empty sella syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 10-year single-center patient data.

Background: Primary Empty Sella (PES) syndrome is an increasingly common disorder, mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding during brain imaging scans. We intended to review the clinical management and hormonal profile of patients with PES.

Methods: The study included ten-year retrospective analysis of registry containing PES cases in the period 2007 to 2017, from a single tertiary care center.