Bicycle helmets are associated with fewer and less severe head injuries and fewer neurosurgical procedures.

Purpose: This study explores the protective capabilities of bicycle helmets on serious head injury among bicyclists hospitalized in a Norwegian level 1 trauma centre.

Method: Information on helmet use, demographic variables, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and surgical procedure codes was retrieved from the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry for patients with bicycle-related injuries from 2005 through 2016. Outcomes were serious head injury defined as maximum AIS severity score ≥ 3 in the AIS region Head, any cranial neurosurgical procedure, and 30-day mortality.

Do Bicycle Helmets Protect Against Facial Fractures? An Observational Study From a Level 1 Trauma Centre.

This study investigates the impact of helmet use on the incidence of facial fractures in bicycle accidents. Analyzing data from hospitalized bicyclists between 2005 and 2016, the research focused on the correlation between helmet usage and various facial fractures. The study included 1256 bicyclists with known helmet use, among whom 277 individuals (22%) were identified with a total of 521 facial fractures.

The association between head injury and facial fracture treatment: an observational study of hospitalized bicyclists from a level 1 trauma centre.

Purpose: To compare the types of facial fractures and their treatment in bicyclists admitted to a level 1 trauma centre with major and minor-moderate head injury.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005-2016 extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry.

Results: A total of 967 bicyclists with head injuries classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were included.

Mortality after hospital admission for trauma in Norway: A retrospective observational national cohort study.

Background: National quality data for trauma care in Norway have not previously been reported. We have therefore assessed crude and risk-adjusted 30-day mortality in trauma cases after primary hospital admission on national and regional levels for 36 acute care hospitals and four regional trauma centres.

Methods: All patients in the Norwegian Trauma Registry in 2015-2018 were included.

Facial Fractures and Their Relation to Head and Cervical Spine Injuries in Hospitalized Bicyclists.

Bicyclists are vulnerable road users. The authors aimed to characterise facial fractures and their association with head and neck injuries in bicyclists admitted to a Scandinavian Level 1 trauma center with a catchment area of ~3 million inhabitants. Data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005 to 2016 were extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry.

Effects of patient-level risk factors, departmental allocation and seasonality on intrahospital patient transfer patterns: network analysis applied on a Norwegian single-centre data set.

Objectives: Describe patient transfer patterns within a large Norwegian hospital. Identify risk factors associated with a high number of transfers. Develop methods to monitor intrahospital patient flows to support capacity management and infection control.

Extracellular vesicle-associated procoagulant activity is highest the first 3 hours after trauma and thereafter declines substantially: A prospective observational pilot study.

Background: Trauma patients have high concentrations of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) following injury, but the functional role of EVs in this setting is only partly deciphered. We aimed to describe in detail EV-associated procoagulant activity in individual trauma patients during the first 12 hours after injury to explore their putative function and relate findings to relevant trauma characteristics and outcome.

Methods: In a prospective observational study of 33 convenience recruited trauma patients, citrated plasma samples were obtained at trauma center admission and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours thereafter.

Injury Prevention and long-term Outcomes following Trauma-the IPOT project: a protocol for prospective nationwide registry-based studies in Norway.

Introduction: Traumatic injuries constitute a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Still, the public health burden of trauma in Norway has not been characterised using nationwide registry data. More knowledge is warranted on trauma risk factors and the long-term outcomes following trauma.

Increased complement activation 3 to 6 h after trauma is a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: a prospective observational study.

Background: Complement activation is a central mechanism in systemic inflammation and remote organ dysfunction following major trauma. Data on temporal changes of complement activation early after injury is largely missing. We aimed to describe in detail the kinetics of complement activation in individual trauma patients from admission to 10 days after injury, and the association with trauma characteristics and outcome.

Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study.

Background: Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in human disease, including multiple trauma. In this study we explored high-resolution concentration kinetics of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) early after human trauma.

Dentoalveolar injuries, bicycling accidents and helmet use in patients referred to a Norwegian Trauma Centre: A 12-year prospective study.

Background/aim: Despite its many benefits, bicycling carries the risk of accidents. Although numerous studies have reported the effect of helmet use on traumatic brain injury, it remains unclear if, and to what extent, helmet use reduces the risk of facial injuries. This is particularly true in regard to injuries of the lower face.

The number of patients hospitalized with bicycle injuries is increasing - A cry for better road safety.

Introduction: Norwegian authorities encourage people to commute by bicycle to improve public health, decrease rush-hour traffic jams and reduce pollution. However, increasing the number of bicyclists, especially in the rush-hour traffic, may increase the number of serious bicycle injuries.

Objective: To explore trends in hospitalized bicycle injuries at a Norwegian level I trauma centre during the last decade.

Do we really need the arterial phase on CT in pelvic trauma patients?

Purpose: To evaluate whether an arterial phase scan improves the diagnostic performance of computed tomography to identify pelvic trauma patients who received angiographic intervention on demand of the trauma surgeon.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study was performed at an academic Scandinavian trauma center with approximately 2000 trauma admissions annually. Pelvic trauma patients with arterial and portal venous phase CT from 2009 to 2015 were included.

HMGB1 concentration measurements in trauma patients: assessment of pre-analytical conditions and sample material.

Background: HMGB1 is a mediator of systemic inflammation in sepsis and trauma, and a promising biomarker in many diseases. There is currently no standard operating procedure for pre-analytical handling of HMGB1 samples, despite that pre-analytical conditions account for a substantial part of the overall error rate in laboratory testing. We hypothesized that the considerable variations in reported HMGB1 concentrations and kinetics in trauma patients could be partly explained by differences in pre-analytical conditions and choice of sample material.

Validation of the Norwegian survival prediction model in trauma (NORMIT) in Swedish trauma populations.

Background: Trauma survival prediction models can be used for quality assessment in trauma populations. The Norwegian survival prediction model in trauma (NORMIT) has been updated recently and validated internally (NORMIT 2). The aim of this observational study was to compare the accuracy of NORMIT 1 and 2 in two Swedish trauma populations.

Single-motor-unit discharge characteristics in lumbar multifidus muscle of acute low back pain patients.

Acute low back pain (ALBP) causes rapid deterioration of paraspinal muscle function. The underlying neurophysiology is poorly understood. We therefore carried out this observational study in patients with ALBP to characterize motor unit (MU) activity in deep lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle and compare with our previous findings from pain-free subjects.

Body temperature control in rats by muscle tone during rest or sleep.

Aim: To explore the role of tonic motor unit activity in body temperature control.

Methods: Motor unit activity in soleus and several other skeletal muscles was recorded electromyographically from adult rats placed in a climate chamber on a load sensitive floor, which, together with video monitoring, allowed detection of every successive period of movement and no movement.

Results: In the absence of movements during rest or sleep, motor unit activity was exclusively tonic and therefore equivalent to muscle tone as defined here.

Biphasic Release of the Alarmin High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Early After Trauma Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome.

Objectives: The causal role of the prototype alarmin high mobility group box 1 protein in systemic inflammation and remote organ injury after trauma and shock is established in animal models but not in humans. Our aim was therefore to determine high mobility group box 1 protein concentration kinetics with high time resolution during the first hours after trauma in individual patients and investigate the association with outcome.

Design: Prospective single-center observational study.

Acute kidney injury in trauma patients admitted to the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of studies on AKI according to RIFLE, AKIN, or KDIGO criteria in trauma patients admitted to the ICU (PROSPERO CRD42017060420). We searched PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, UpToDate, and NICE through 3 December 2018.

Decreased mortality, laparotomy, and embolization rates for liver injuries during a 13-year period in a major Scandinavian trauma center.

Background: Although non-operative management (NOM) has become the treatment of choice in hemodynamically normal patients with liver injuries, the optimal management of Organ Injury Scale (OIS) grades 4 and 5 injuries is still controversial. Oslo University Hospital Ulleval (OUHU) has since 2008 performed angiography only with signs of bleeding. Simultaneously, damage control resuscitation was implemented.

Precision implantation with positional confirmation of fine-wire EMG electrodes in the deep posterior neck muscles.

Precise electrode placement is essential for obtaining useful electromyographic (EMG) recordings. Our aim was to develop a protocol for computerized-tomography (CT) guided fine-wire (FW) electrode placement that permits confirmation of the final electrode position in the deep posterior cervical multifidus (CM). FW-EMG electrodes were custom-made from three 50-µm diameter Teflon-insulated platinum/iridium wires.

Seasonality in trauma admissions - Are daylight and weather variables better predictors than general cyclic effects?

Background: Trauma is a leading global cause of death, and predicting the burden of trauma admissions is vital for good planning of trauma care. Seasonality in trauma admissions has been found in several studies. Seasonal fluctuations in daylight hours, temperature and weather affect social and cultural practices but also individual neuroendocrine rhythms that may ultimately modify behaviour and potentially predispose to trauma.

Triple-split-bolus versus single-bolus CT in abdominal trauma patients: a comparative study.

Background Split-bolus computed tomography (CT) is a recent development in trauma imaging. Instead of multiple scans in different contrast phases after a single contrast bolus, split-bolus protocols consist of one single scan of the thorax and abdomen after two or three contrast injections at different points of time. Purpose To evaluate and compare image quality and injury findings of a new triple-split-bolus CT (TS-CT) protocol of thorax and abdomen with those of a portal venous phase CT (PV-CT) in the same patient group.

Validating performance of TRISS, TARN and NORMIT survival prediction models in a Norwegian trauma population.

Introduction: Anatomic injury, physiological derangement, age, injury mechanism and pre-injury comorbidity are well-founded predictors of trauma outcome. Statistical prediction models may have poorer discrimination, calibration and accuracy when applied in new locations. We aimed to compare the TRISS, TARN and NORMIT survival prediction models in a Norwegian trauma population.