Changes in Mature Human Milk Macronutrient Composition over 45 years in an Urban Population in Indonesia.

Background: With improvement in a population's welfare, its food consumption patterns may change, including those of nursing mothers. This, in turn, could influence their human milk composition.

Research Aim: To investigate the secular trend in macronutrient composition of mature human milk from mothers of healthy, full-term infants in urban populations in Indonesia from 1974 and 2019.

Predictors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants With Birth Weight Less Than 1500 g.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complication of preterm and low birth weight infants. The incidence of BPD has not decreased over the past 20 years. Complications of BPD include rehospitalization, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, and impaired growth and development which will affect the patient's quality of life.

Respiratory distress in small for gestational age infants based on local newborn curve prior to hospital discharge.

Background: Respiratory distress in newborns, which may lead to risks of morbidity and death, is one of the reasons for a referral to the more advanced health facilities. Respiratory distress analysis in small for gestational age (SGA) infants remains controversial. SGA infants are a big problem for and burden the low-medium income countries.

Predictor Factors of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Failure in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress.

Respiratory distress contributes significantly to mortality, and morbidity in preterm infants. The incidence of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure is remarkably high. There are limited data available regarding nasal CPAP failure in Indonesia, and this study is expected to be a reference in taking preventive measures to reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm infants.

Historical Perspectives: Low Birthweight and Preterm Infants in Indonesia.

The incidence of infants with low birthweight (LBW), prematurity, and small for gestational age (SGA) in Indonesia remains high, and the morbidity and mortality in these infants are significant. To study these groups of infants in Indonesia, the author searched PubMed/Medline, the Cochrane Library, Google, Indonesian reports, local publications, and doctoral and master theses in English and Indonesian from 1987 to February 2019. In this review, the development of local reference growth charts of infants born in Indonesia is described, as well as the importance of these curves in defining the prevalence of SGA infants.