Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Post-translational modifications of huntingtin protein (HTT), such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitination, have been implicated in HD pathogenesis. Arginine methylation/dimethylation is an important modification with an emerging role in neurodegeneration; however, arginine methylation of HTT remains largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuntington's disease (HD) is caused in large part by a polyglutamine expansion within the huntingtin (Htt) protein. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) control and regulate many protein functions and cellular pathways, and PTMs of mutant Htt are likely important modulators of HD pathogenesis. Alterations of selected numbers of PTMs of Htt fragments have been shown to modulate Htt cellular localization and toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPost-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins regulate various cellular processes. PTMs of polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin (Htt) protein, which causes Huntington's disease (HD), are likely modulators of HD pathogenesis. Previous studies have identified and characterized several PTMs on exogenously expressed Htt fragments, but none of them were designed to systematically characterize PTMs on the endogenous full-length Htt protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAbnormal protein interactions of mutant huntingtin (Htt) triggered by polyglutamine expansion are thought to mediate Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis. Here, we explored a functional interaction of Htt with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme mediating symmetrical dimethylation of arginine (sDMA) of key cellular proteins, including histones, and spliceosomal Sm proteins. Gene transcription and RNA splicing are impaired in HD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine repeat within the HD gene product, huntingtin. Huntingtin, a large (347 kDa) protein containing multiple HEAT repeats, acts as a scaffold for protein-protein interactions. Huntingtin-induced toxicity is believed to be mediated by a conformational change in expanded huntingtin, leading to protein misfolding and aggregation, aberrant protein interactions and neuronal cell death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFN-terminal proteolysis of huntingtin is thought to be an important mediator of HD pathogenesis. The formation of short N-terminal fragments of huntingtin (cp-1/cp-2, cp-A/cp-B) has been demonstrated in cells and in vivo. We previously mapped the cp-2 cleavage site by mass spectrometry to position Arg167 of huntingtin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuntingtin proteolysis is implicated in Huntington disease pathogenesis, yet, the nature of huntingtin toxic fragments remains unclear. Huntingtin undergoes proteolysis by calpains and caspases within an N-terminal region between amino acids 460 and 600. We have focused on proteolytic steps producing shorter N-terminal fragments, which we term cp-1 and cp-2 (distinct from previously described cp-A/cp-B).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteolytic cleavage of mutant huntingtin may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease; however the steps in huntingtin proteolysis are not fully understood. Huntingtin was shown to be cleaved by caspases and calpains within a region between 460-600 amino acids from the N-terminus. Two smaller N-terminal fragments produced by unknown protease have been previously described as cp-A and cp-B.
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