Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Ion-Conductance Microscopy for Investigation of Biomechanical Characteristics of Neutrophils.

Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a versatile tool for studying a wide range of materials. It is well suited for investigating living matter, for example, in single-cell neutrophil studies. SPM has been extensively utilized to analyze cell physical properties, providing detailed insights into their structural and functional characteristics at the nanoscale.

Red Blood Cell Storage with Xenon: Safe or Disruption?

Xenon, an inert gas commonly used in medicine, has been considered as a potential option for prolonged preservation of donor packed red blood cells (pRBCs) under hypoxic conditions. This study aimed to investigate how xenon affects erythrocyte parameters under prolonged storage. In vitro model experiments were performed using two methods to create hypoxic conditions.

Cell Surface Parameters for Accessing Neutrophil Activation Level with Atomic Force Microscopy.

In this study, we examine the topography and adhesion images of the cell surface of neutrophils during the activation process. Our analysis of cell surface parameters indicates that the most significant changes in neutrophils occur within the first 30 min of activation, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may require approximately this amount of time to activate the cells. Interestingly, we observed surface granular structure as early as 10 min after neutrophil activation when examining atomic force microscopy images.

Morphology of Neutrophils during Their Activation and NETosis: Atomic Force Microscopy Study.

Confocal microscopy and fluorescence staining of cellular structures are commonly used to study neutrophil activation and NETosis. However, they do not reveal the specific characteristics of the neutrophil membrane surface, its nanostructure, and morphology. The aim of this study was to reveal the topography and nanosurface characteristics of neutrophils during activation and NETosis using atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Stages of NETosis Development upon Stimulation of Neutrophils with Activators of Different Types.

Before NETs are released, the neutrophil undergoes structural changes. First, it flattens, accompanied by a change in cell shape and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Then, nuclear swelling begins, which ends with the ejection of NETs into the extracellular space.

Atomic Force Microscopy and High-Resolution Spectrophotometry for Study of Anoxemia and Normoxemia in Model Experiment In Vitro.

The oxygen content in the blood may decrease under the influence of various physicochemical factors and different diseases. The state of hypoxemia is especially dangerous for critically ill patients. In this paper, we describe and analyze the changes in the characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) with decreasing levels of oxygen in the RBC suspension from normoxemia to hypoxemia/anoxemia in an in vitro model experiment.

Mechanochemical Synergism of Reactive Oxygen Species Influences on RBC Membrane.

The influences of various factors on blood lead to the formation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the disruption of morphology and functions of red blood cells (RBCs). This study considers the mechanisms of the mechanochemical synergism of OH• free radicals, which are most active in the initiation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in RBC membranes, and H2O2 molecules, the largest typical diffusion path. Using kinetic models of differential equations describing CH2O2t and COH•t, we discuss two levels of mechanochemical synergism that occur simultaneously: (1) synergism that ensures the delivery of highly active free radicals OH• to RBC membranes and (2) a positive feedback system between H2O2 and OH•, resulting in the partial restoration of spent molecules.

Structural Configuration of Blood Cell Membranes Determines Their Nonlinear Deformation Properties.

The ability of neutrophils and red blood cells (RBCs) to undergo significant deformations is a key to their normal functioning. Disruptions of these processes can lead to pathologies. This work studied the influence of structural configuration rearrangements of membranes after exposure to external factors on the ability of native membranes of neutrophils and RBCs to undergo deep deformation.

Investigation of Red Blood Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy.

Currently, much research is devoted to the study of biological objects using atomic force microscopy (AFM). This method's resolution is superior to the other non-scanning techniques. Our study aims to further emphasize some of the advantages of using AFM as a clinical screening tool.

Topological Relationships Cytoskeleton-Membrane Nanosurface-Morphology as a Basic Mechanism of Total Disorders of RBC Structures.

The state of red blood cells (RBCs) and their functional possibilities depend on the structural organization of the membranes. Cell morphology and membrane nanostructure are compositionally and functionally related to the cytoskeleton network. In this work, the influence of agents (hemin, endogenous oxidation during storage of packed RBCs, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature, and potential of hydrogen (pH) changes) on the relationships between cytoskeleton destruction, membrane nanostructure, and RBC morphology was observed by atomic force microscope.

Two-step process of cytoskeletal structural damage during long-term storage of packed red blood cells.

Background: Storage of packed red blood cells (PRBC) for 42 days causes morphological, structural, and functional changes in the red cells. To assess the quality of stored PRBC, it is important to evaluate the main components of the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the structural transformations in the cytoskeleton of red cells during long-term storage (up to 42 days).

The relationship of membrane stiffness, cytoskeleton structure and storage time of pRBCs.

Background And Objectives: In clinical practice, it has been shown that transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) with late shelf life increases the risk of post-transfusion complications.

Objective: To study relationship of membrane stiffness, cytoskeleton structure and storage time of pRBCs.

Materials And Methods: pRBCs were processed and stored according to blood bank procedure, for 42 days, at +4°C; pRBC samples were taken on days 3, 12, 19, 21, 24, 28, 35 and 42.

Assessment of carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood with high accuracy: wavelength range optimization for nonlinear curve fitting of optical spectra.

The impact of carbon monoxide (CO) gas on the human organism is very dangerous. The affinity of CO to hemoglobin is considerably higher than that of oxygen. Thus, the interaction of CO with the blood results in a higher content of carboxyhemoglobin () in red blood cells (RBCs) and correspondingly in tissue hypoxia.