Year-Round Presence of Microcystins and Toxin-Producing in the Water Column and Ice Cover of a Eutrophic Lake Located in the Continuous Permafrost Zone (Yakutia, Russia).

This study aimed to test the hypothesis of the year-round presence of toxigenic and cyanotoxins in the water and ice of the shallow eutrophic Lake Ytyk-Kyuyol located in the continuous permafrost zone. Three independent approaches-mass-spectrometry, molecular methods and light microscopy-were applied in the study. The cyanobacterial biomass ranged from 1.

Genotoxicity of Natural Water during the Mass Development of Cyanobacteria Evaluated by the Allium Test Method: A Model Experiment with Microcosms.

Cyanobacteria, which develop abundantly in aquatic ecosystems, can be harmful to humans and animals not only by releasing toxins that cause poisoning but also by provoking cytogenetic effects. The influence of the mass development of cyanobacteria on the genotoxic properties of natural water has been studied in model ecosystems (microcosms) with different compositions of biotic components (zooplankton, amphipods and fish). The validated plant test system "Allium test" was used in this study.

The Regulation of Pea ( L.) Symbiotic Nodule Infection and Defense Responses by Glutathione, Homoglutathione, and Their Ratio.

In this study, the roles of glutathione (GSH), homoglutathione (hGSH), and their ratio in symbiotic nodule development and functioning, as well as in defense responses accompanying ineffective nodulation in pea () were investigated. The expression of genes involved in (h)GSH biosynthesis, thiol content, and localization of the reduced form of GSH were analyzed in nodules of wild-type pea plants and mutants (weak allele, "locked" infection threads, occasional bacterial release, and defense reactions) and (strong allele, "locked" infection threads, defense reactions), and (abnormal bacteroids, oxidative stress, early senescence, and defense reactions). The effects of (h)GSH depletion and GSH treatment on nodule number and development were also examined.

Effects of Diclofenac on the Reproductive Health, Respiratory Rate, Cardiac Activity, and Heat Tolerance of Aquatic Animals.

Diclofenac is an important pharmaceutical present in the water cycle of wastewater treatment and one of the most distributed drugs in aquatic ecosystems. Despite the great interest in the fate of diclofenac in freshwaters, the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on invertebrates are still unclear. Two species of freshwater invertebrates, the amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus and the bivalve mollusk Unio pictorum, were exposed to diclofenac concentrations of 0.

Biochemical and respiratory parameters in a gastropod Radix balthica exposed to diclofenac.

Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, is often detected in natural waters in the ng/L to μg/L range, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. The study focused on the effects of diclofenac in a gastropod mollusk Radix balthica. A 72-h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac caused deviations from the baseline activities of the studied enzymes in the digestive gland of snails.

Biomarkers in bivalve mollusks and amphipods for assessment of effects linked to cyanobacteria and elodea: Mesocosm study.

The effects of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (90%), Microcystis aeruginosa) and dense Elodea canadensis beds on the health endpoints of the amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus and bivalve mollusc Unio pictorum were examined in mesocosms with simulated summer conditions (July-August 2018) in the environment of the Rybinsk Reservoir (Volga River Basin, Russia). Four treatments were conducted, including one control and three treatments with influencing factors, cyanobacteria and dense elodea beds (separately and combined). After 20 days of exposure, we evaluated the frequency of malformed and dead embryos in amphipods, heart rate (HR) and its recovery (HRR) after stress tests in molluscs as well as heat tolerance (critical thermal maximum or CTMax) in both amphipods and molluscs.

Ni-functionalized submicron mesoporous silica particles as a sorbent for metal affinity chromatography.

In this research, a novel IMAC sorbent with high specificity for chlorine-containing compounds was developed. Ni-functionalized monodisperse spherical mesoporous silica particles of 500±25nm diameter were synthesized and their metal affinity properties were studied with the use of diclofenac as the model substance. The particles were aggregatively stable in the pH range of 3-12.