Laser Bioprinting with Cell Spheroids: Accurate and Gentle.

Laser printing with cell spheroids can become a promising approach in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the use of standard laser bioprinters for this purpose is not optimal as they are optimized for transferring smaller objects, such as cells and microorganisms. The use of standard laser systems and protocols for the transfer of cell spheroids leads either to their destruction or to a significant deterioration in the quality of bioprinting.

Regulation of sulfur deprivation-induced expression of the ferredoxin-encoding FDX5 gene Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in aerobic conditions.

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reacts to sulfur (S) starvation with the increased expression of numerous genes. One gene which is induced in illuminated anaerobic S-deprived cells is the ferredoxin-5 gene (FDX5). To test FDX5 transcriptional regulation in aerobic cultures, we used a real-time PCR analysis and an artificial microRNA approach.

Truncated hemoglobin 1 is a new player in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii acclimation to sulfur deprivation.

Truncated hemoglobins constitute a large family, present in bacteria, in archaea and in eukaryotes. However, a majority of physiological functions of these proteins remains to be elucidated. Identification and characterization of a novel role of truncated hemoglobins in the model alga provides a framework for a more complete understanding of their biological functions.

Responses triggered in chloroplast of Chlorella variabilis NC64A by long-term association with Paramecium bursaria.

The unicellular green alga Chlorella variabilis NC64A is an endosymbiont of the ciliate Paramecium bursaria. The host's control, including the transfer of biochemical substrates from P. bursaria to C.

Glutamine Assimilation and Feedback Regulation of L-acetyl-N-glutamate Kinase Activity in Chlorella variabilis NC64A Results in Changes in Arginine Pools.

Glutamine is a metabolite of central importance in nitrogen metabolism of microorganisms and plants. The Chlorella PII signaling protein controls, in a glutamine-dependent manner, the key enzyme of the ornithine/arginine biosynthesis pathway, N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) that leads to arginine formation. We provide evidence that glutamine promotes effective growth of C.

A widespread glutamine-sensing mechanism in the plant kingdom.

Glutamine is the primary metabolite of nitrogen assimilation from inorganic nitrogen sources in microorganisms and plants. The ability to monitor cellular nitrogen status is pivotal for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and sustaining growth. The present study identifies a glutamine-sensing mechanism common in the entire plant kingdom except Brassicaceae.

PII signal transduction protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: localization and expression pattern.

Although PII signal transduction proteins have been described in bacteria, archaea and higher plants, no PII homolog has so far been characterized in green algae. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the PII protein is encoded by a single nuclear gene CrGLB1. The C.