Myeloid Cell Mobilization and Recruitment by Human Mesothelioma in NSG-SGM3 Mice.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a neoplasm that is often detected late due to nonspecific symptoms. This study utilized NSG-SGM3 mice to examine interactions between a human-derived mesothelioma reporter cell line (MZT-Luc2-mCherry) and the host's myeloid compartment. Tumor growth was assessed using optical tomography, while cytokine/chemokine production was analyzed via multiplex assay.

Targeting inerleukin-6 for renoprotection.

Sterile inflammation has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of non-infectious kidney diseases. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured kidney tissue promotes infiltration of immune cells serving to clear cell debris and facilitate tissue repair. However, excessive or prolonged inflammatory response has been associated with immune-mediated tissue damage, nephron loss, and development of renal fibrosis.

Itaconate and dimethyl itaconate upregulate IL-6 production in the LPS-induced inflammation in mice.

Itaconate is one of the most studied immunometabolites produced by myeloid cells during inflammatory response. It mediates a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects and plays a role in a number of pathological states, including autoimmunity and cancer. Itaconate and its derivatives are considered potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

- friend or foe in colorectal cancer?

is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, which represents a part of the commensal human microbiota. Decline in the abundance of among other microbial species in the gut correlates with severe systemic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer. Due to its mucin-reducing and immunomodulatory properties, the use of probiotics containing sp.

Alterations in the CD56 and CD56 T Cell Subsets during COVID-19.

The effectiveness of the antiviral immune response largely depends on the activation of cytotoxic T cells. The heterogeneous group of functionally active T cells expressing the CD56 molecule (NKT-like cells), that combines the properties of T lymphocytes and NK cells, is poorly studied in COVID-19. This work aimed to analyze the activation and differentiation of both circulating NKT-like cells and CD56 T cells during COVID-19 among intensive care unit (ICU) patients, moderate severity (MS) patients, and convalescents.

Macrophages from naked mole-rat possess distinct immunometabolic signatures upon polarization.

The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a unique long-lived rodent which is highly resistant to age-associated disorders and cancer. The immune system of NMR possesses a distinct cellular composition with the prevalence of myeloid cells. Thus, the detailed phenotypical and functional assessment of NMR myeloid cell compartment may uncover novel mechanisms of immunoregulation and healthy aging.

Coordinated Loss and Acquisition of NK Cell Surface Markers Accompanied by Generalized Cytokine Dysregulation in COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is accompanied by a dysregulated immune response. In particular, NK cells, involved in the antiviral response, are affected by the infection. This study aimed to investigate circulating NK cells with a focus on their activation, depletion, changes in the surface expression of key receptors, and functional activity during COVID-19, among intensive care unit (ICU) patients, moderately ill patients, and convalescents (CCP).

HDM induces distinct immunometabolic phenotype in macrophages in TLR4-dependent manner.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases. In many cases it is preceded by the development of an immune response to allergens such as animal fur, dust, pollens and etc. In human population this disease is heterogeneous, and no selective drugs are available at the moment for some endotypes of asthma.

Therapeutic Potential of Combining IL-6 and TNF Blockade in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma.

Combined anti-cytokine therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for uncontrolled steroid-resistant asthma. In this regard, simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra monoclonal antibody) was recently approved for severe eosinophilic asthma. However, no therapeutic options for neutrophilic asthma are currently available.

Macrophages acquire a TNF-dependent inflammatory memory in allergic asthma.

Background: Infectious agents can reprogram or "train" macrophages and their progenitors to respond more readily to subsequent insults. However, whether such an inflammatory memory exists in type 2 inflammatory conditions such as allergic asthma was not known.

Objective: We sought to decipher macrophage-trained immunity in allergic asthma.

Novel Anti-Cytokine Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Allergic Diseases.

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, wheezing, eosinophilia and neutrophilia of the airways. Identification of distinct inflammatory patterns characterizing asthma endotypes led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Cytokine or cytokine receptor targeting by therapeutic antibodies, such as anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-5, is now approved for severe asthma treatment.

Dual Role of TNF and LTα in Carcinogenesis as Implicated by Studies in Mice.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) are two related cytokines from the TNF superfamily, yet they mediate their functions in soluble and membrane-bound forms via overlapping, as well as distinct, molecular pathways. Their genes are encoded within the major histocompatibility complex class III cluster in close proximity to each other. TNF is involved in host defense, maintenance of lymphoid tissues, regulation of cell death and survival, and antiviral and antibacterial responses.

Multi-dimensional immunoproteomics coupled with in vitro recapitulation of oncogenic NRAS identifies diagnostically relevant autoantibody biomarkers in thyroid neoplasia.

Tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific autoantibodies have been widely implicated in cancer diagnosis. However, cancer cell lines that are typically exploited as candidate TAA sources in immunoproteomic studies may fail to accurately represent the autoantigen-ome of lower-grade neoplasms. Here, we established an integrated strategy for the identification of disease-relevant TAAs in thyroid neoplasia, which combined NRAS oncogene expression in non-tumorous thyroid Nthy-ori 3-1 cells with a multi-dimensional proteomic technique DISER that consisted of profiling NRAS-induced proteins using 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with serological proteome analysis (SERPA) of the TAA repertoire of patients with thyroid encapsulated follicular-patterned/RAS-like phenotype (EFP/RLP) tumors.

Mouse models of severe asthma for evaluation of therapeutic cytokine targeting.

Severe asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways, which requires treatment with high-dose inhaled corticosteroids or their systemic administration, yet often remains uncontrolled despite this therapy. Over the past decades, research efforts into phenotyping of severe asthma and defining the pathological mechanisms of this disease were successful largely due to the development of appropriate animal models. Recent identification of distinct inflammatory patterns of severe asthma endotypes led to novel treatment approaches, including targeting specific cytokines or their receptors with neutralizing antibodies.

Non-redundant Functions of IL-6 Produced by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airway caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and characterized by airflow obstruction, wheezing, eosinophilia, and neutrophilia of lungs and sputum. Similar to other proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 is elevated in asthma and plays an active role in this disease. However, the exact molecular mechanism of IL-6 involvement in the pathogenesis of asthma remains largely unknown and the major cellular source of pathogenic IL-6 has not been defined.

Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Limit Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Ameliorate Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Accumulating evidence suggests that ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study demonstrates the therapeutic effectiveness of novel europium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Eu-doped Ceria NPs) as ROS scavengers in a mouse model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. An increased production of superoxide radicals is detected in the intestine throughout the ischemia stage and again after initiating reperfusion.

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury.

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, hypotension, necrotizing enterocolitis, bowel transplantation, trauma and chronic inflammation. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a consequence of acute mesenteric ischemia, caused by inadequate blood flow through the mesenteric vessels, resulting in intestinal damage. Reperfusion following ischemia can further exacerbate damage of the intestine.

Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis: A robust model to study mucosal immune responses in the gut.

Citrobacter rodentium is a natural mouse pathogen which reproducibly infects mice and causes intestinal disease. The C. rodentium model of infection is very useful for investigating host-pathogen immune interactions in the gut, and can also be used to understand the pathogenesis of several important human intestinal disorders, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, dysbiosis and colon tumorigenesis.