Association between diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and knee osteoarthritis in secondary referral hospitals in Indonesia with retrospective cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a disease with degenerative joints. There are some risk factors for osteoarthritis, including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension. The preview study also showed a relationship between osteoarthritis and diabetes mellitus.

Correlation between severity of knee osteoarthritis with gender of patients in Secondary Referral Hospital in Indonesia.

Aim Knee osteoarthritis is a common osteoarthritis, which limits individual's activity and affects aspects of daily life and quality of life. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in Indonesians is still high, reaching 12.7% in women and 15.

Hormone-balancing and protective effect of combined extract of Sauropus androgynus and Elephantopus scaber against Escherichia coli-induced renal and hepatic necrosis in pregnant mice.

Background: Elephantopus scaber (ES) and Sauropus androgynous (SA) have been frequently reported to possess antibacterial activity through in vitro, but in vivo studies about the protective effect of combined ES and SA have acquired less attention.

Objectives: To evaluate protective effect of combined ethanol extract of ES and SA on hormone imbalance and renal and hepatic necrosis formation in Escherichia coli-infected pregnant mice.

Materials And Methods: A total of 28 pregnant Balb/c mice were divided into seven groups (n = 4): control, E.