The Modulation of Adipokines, Adipomyokines, and Sleep Disorders on Carcinogenesis.

Obesity and sarcopenia, i.e., decreased skeletal muscle mass and function, are global health challenges.

Ischemic stroke as a rare complication of wasp venom allergy: two clinical scenarios.

Neurological complications after a single Hymenoptera insect sting are very rare. The authors of this paper describe two instances of cerebral ischemic stroke that occurred immediately after a wasp sting. Two distinct pathomechanisms involved in the cases are put forward.

Hashimoto Encephalopathy-Still More Questions than Answers.

The normal function of the nervous system is conditioned by the undisturbed function of the thyroid gland and its hormones. Comprehensive clinical manifestations, including neurological disorders in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, have long been understood and, in recent years, attention has been paid to neurological symptoms in euthyroid patients. Hashimoto encephalopathy is a controversial and poorly understood disease entity and the pathogenesis of the condition remains unclear.

Visual Evoked Potentials as Potential Biomarkers of Visual Function in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.

Visual evoked potentials (VEP) are changes in potentials that arise in the central nervous system. In the interpretation of the VEP test results, it is assumed that the elongation of the latency time is caused by the demyelination of the nerve fibers, and the axon damage is responsible for the decrease in the amplitude. The observed VEP deviations are not specific for specific diseases, but indicate disturbances in visual conductivity.

Myasthenia Gravis-An Analysis of Multimodal Evoked Potentials.

Introduction: The aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of the parameters of exogenous evoked potentials (visual, brainstem auditory, and somatosensory) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), a prototype of both neuromuscular junction disease and autoimmune disease. The study also seeks to isolate electrophysiological changes that may indicate disorders within the central and/or peripheral nervous system.

Methods: A total of forty-two consecutive patients with myasthenia gravis (24 women, 18 men) were included in the study.

The Role of Stem Cells in the Therapy of Stroke.

Background: Stroke is a major challenge in neurology due to its multifactorial genesis and irreversible consequences. Processes of endogenous post-stroke neurogenesis, although insufficient, may indicate possible direction of future therapy. Multiple research considers stem-cell-based approaches in order to maximize neuroregeneration and minimize post-stroke deficits.

The impact of chronic co-exposure to different heavy metals on small fibers of peripheral nerves. A study of metal industry workers.

Background: Chronic exposure to heavy metals affects various organs, among them the brain and peripheral nerves. Polyneuropathy is mainly length-dependent with predominantly sensory symptoms. There have been few studies on small fiber neuropathy due to heavy metal intoxication.

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome with severe clinical course and beneficial outcome: A case report.

Rationale: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare immune-mediated movement disorder, mostly of paraneoplastic or idiopathic origin. The disease usually has an acute onset, serious course and leads rapidly to disability in adult patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth presented case of OMS with a severe course and complete reversibility of neurological symptoms in a pregnant woman.

The Relationship between Occupationally Exposed Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead and Brain Bioelectrical Activity-A Visual and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in patients occupationally exposed to arsenic, cadmium and lead. The study group comprised 41 copper smelter and refinery workers (average age: 51.27) with occupational exposure to arsenic, cadmium and lead.

Assessment of Visual and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Background: The present study was aimed to evaluate parameters of visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (VEP, BAEP) in euthyreotic Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients without central nervous system involvement.

Methods: 100 HT patients (92 women, 8 men), mean age 46.9 years, and 50 healthy controls.

The evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with event-related potentials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to cognitive function.

Thyroid dysfunction is very often accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders. The frequency of these disorders in patients with compensated Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate brain dysfunction in euthyroid HT patients by means of event-related potentials (ERP) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate it with cognitive function.

Ocular Paraneoplastic Syndromes.

Ocular-involving paraneoplastic syndromes present a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Understanding the background pathophysiological and immunopathological factors can help make a more refined differential diagnosis consistent with the signs and symptoms presented by patients. There are two main pathophysiology arms: (1) autoimmune pathomechanism, which is presented with cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), cancer-associated cone dysfunction (CACD), paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy (PVM), and paraneoplastic optic neuritis (PON), and (2) ectopic peptides, which is often caused by tumor-expressed growth factors (T-exGF) and presented with bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP).

Dysbiosis is one of the risk factor for stroke and cognitive impairment and potential target for treatment.

More than 50 million people have various forms of cognitive impairment basically caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cerebrovascular diseases as well as stroke. Often these conditions coexist and exacerbate one another. The damaged area in post-stroke dementia may lead to neurodegenerative lesions.

The Links between Parkinson's Disease and Cancer.

Epidemiologic studies indicate a decreased incidence of most cancer types in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, some neoplasms are associated with a higher risk of occurrence in PD patients. Both pathologies share some common biological pathways.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome without central nervous system involvement.

Objectives: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune, multisystem exocrinopathy characterized by dysfunction of the exocrine glands. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is estimated to be present in 10-60% patients with pSS. The present study aimed to evaluate brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in pSS patients without central nervous system involvement, and without otolaryngological abnormalities.

Pure word deafness in a patient with bilateral ischemic stroke in the superior temporal gyrus (STG).

Introduction: Pure word deafness is a rare neurological disorder linked with an inability to comprehend speech. The precise localization of damage is still unclear.

Case Presentation: A 72-year-old woman presented with acute verbal contact disturbances, disorientation, and anxiety.

Abnormality of multimodal evoked potentials in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, sometimes including the central nervous system. The aim of the study was the assessment of the prevalence of central sensory impairment and its reliance on peripheral nerve damage in patients with CIDP.

Material And Methods: Multimodal (visual-VEP, brainstem auditory-BAEP, somatosensory-SEP) evoked potentials (EPs) were studied in 24 patients diagnosed with CIDP.

Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairment in the Course of Type 2 Diabetes-A Possible Link.

There is an increasing number of patients worldwide with sleep disturbances and diabetes. Various sleep disorders, including long or short sleep duration and poor sleep quality of numerous causes, may increase the risk of diabetes. Some symptoms of diabetes, such as painful peripheral neuropathy and nocturia, or associated other sleep disorders, such as sleep breathing disorders or sleep movement disorders, may influence sleep quality and quantity.

Evaluation of brain volume alterations in HCV-infected patients after interferon-free therapy: A pilot study.

The study was performed to evaluate cerebral volume changes in HCV-infected subjects before and after interferon-free therapy with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). We aimed also to estimate the impact of successful DAA therapy on the neuropsychological state of patients. Eleven HCV genotype 1 (GT1) patients treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir (boosted with ritonavir) and dasabuvir, with or without ribavirin underwent brain magnetic resonance (MR) before and 24 weeks after completion of therapy.

Interferon-free therapy as the cause of white matter tracts and cerebral perfusion recovery in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

The purpose of this study was to assess cerebral microstructural and perfusion changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection before and after interferon-free therapy, using advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. Eleven HCV-positive patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) using a 1.5T MR unit, before and 24 weeks after completion of interferon-free therapy.

Visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in HCV-infected patients before and after interferon-free therapy - A pilot study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate brain bioelectrical activity disturbances in HCV-positive patients before and 24 weeks after interferon-free therapy (DAA), using visual (VEP) and brainstem (BAEP) evoked potentials and advanced magnetic resonance techniques.

Materials And Methods: 11 HCV-infected patients (6 women, 5 men, mean age 51 years old) and 30 healthy controls, sex and age-matched, were studied. Clinical neurological examinations, VEP, BAEP, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) were performed.

The metabolic alterations within the normal appearing brain in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are correlated with hormonal changes.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease in humans usually associated with subsequent hypothyroidism. The purpose of the study was to assess metabolic alterations within the normal appearing brain in subjects with HT using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and to correlate MRS measurements with hormonal concentrations. Fifty-five HT patients (mean age 43.