Left ventricular hypertrophy in African children infected with HIV/AIDS: a case-control study.

Introduction: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) measured by echocardiography seen in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency disease (HIV/AIDS) affects the morbidity and mortality. The hemodynamic and metabolic changes in (HIV/AIDS) affect the heart adversely causing hypertrophic remodeling with left ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with LVH in African children with HIV/AIDS.

Prevalence of CKD-MBD in pre-dialysis patients using biochemical markers in Enugu, South-East Nigeria.

Background: As kidney function declines, there is a progressive deterioration in mineral homeostasis with disruption of normal serum and tissue concentration of phosphorus and calcium, and changes in circulating levels of hormones-parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol (1,25(OH)2 D), and Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23).

Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of markers of CKD-MBD in pre-dialysis patients.

Methods: We evaluated consecutively 168 subjects made up of 85 CKD patients and 83 healthy controls, who were attending the renal clinics and medical outpatient of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu.

High population frequencies of APOL1 risk variants are associated with increased prevalence of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease in the Igbo people from south-eastern Nigeria.

Background: Continental Africa is facing an epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). APOL1 risk variants have been shown to be strongly associated with an increased risk for non-diabetic kidney disease including HIV nephropathy, primary non-monogenic focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, and hypertension-attributed nephropathy among African ancestry populations in the USA. The world's highest frequencies of APOL1 risk alleles have been reported in West African nations, overlapping regions with a high incidence of CKD and hypertension.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in African Black patients with chronic renal failure at first evaluation.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality all over the world. The combined effect of volume and pressure overload seen in patients with CKD is the primary cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Though it accounts for a significant proportion of patients dying in hospitals in Nigeria, information on CKD in African Blacks is lacking.