[Epistaxis-overview and current aspects].

Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are usually minor. Medical intervention is only necessary in about 6% of cases. The source of bleeding is frequently located in the anterior region of the nose (Kiesselbach's plexus).

Complete Genome Sequences of Cluster P1 and Cluster C1 Mycobacterium smegmatis Phages Jung and Ronan.

We present the complete genome sequences of phages Jung and Ronan, isolated from soil in Las Vegas, Nevada. The phages were isolated and annotated by students enrolled in a course for undergraduate research experience (CURE). Jung is a cluster P1 mycobacteriophage, while Ronan is in cluster C1.

Virome Analysis Reveals No Association of Head and Neck Vascular Anomalies with an Active Viral Infection.

Background/aim: Vascular anomalies encompass different vascular malformations [arteriovenous (AVM), lymphatic (LM), venous lymphatic (VLM), venous (VM)] and vascular tumors such as hemangiomas (HA). The pathogenesis of vascular anomalies is still poorly understood. Viral infection was speculated as a possible underlying cause.

Retrospective analysis of laser vs other therapeutic modalities for laryngeal papillomatosis: European multicenter study.

Purpose: Laryngeal papillomatosis can be an aggressive and potentially life-threatening disease, affecting both children and adults. Local excision is the gold standard of treatment, but recurrences are frequently inevitable. The purpose of this study was to present the experience of three institutions with different therapeutic modalities and discuss them in relation with the relevant literature.

Extracranial vascular malformations (hemangiomas and vascular malformations) in children and adolescents - diagnosis, clinic, and therapy.

The field of extracranial vascular anomalies is considered as special focus of pediatric otolaryngology and it has shown a rapid development during the last years. The reason for this interest is finally also due to the global acceptance of the classification introduced by the ISSVA (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies). Hemangiomas are the most frequently observed vascular tumors.

Smell and taste in patients with vascular malformation of the extracranial head and neck region.

Background: Olfactory and gustatory functions have not been investigated in patients with vascular malformation of the extracranial head and neck region with validated smell and taste tests. Although olfactory and gustatory deficiencies are often not outwardly apparent, they substantially affect daily life.

Methods: Smell and taste tests using sniffin sticks and taste strips were administered in 40 patients.

[Extracranial vascular anomalies (hemangiomas and vascular malformations) in children and adolescents--diagnosis, clinic, and therapy].

The field of extracranial vascular anomalies is considered as special focus of pediatric otolaryngology and it has shown a rapid development during the last years. The reason for this interest is finally also due to the global acceptance of the classification introduced by the ISSVA (International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies). Hemangiomas are the most frequently observed vascular tumors.

Localization and treatment of lingual venous and arteriovenous malformations.

Venous and arteriovenous malformations of the tongue can cause haemorrhage, airway obstruction, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, speech problems as well as orthodontic abnormalities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate their exact topography, clinical features, morphologic aspects and management. A retrospective review on all patients with venous and arteriovenous malformations of the tongue who presented between 1998 and 2010 was performed.

Smell and taste in patients with vascular malformation of the extracranial head and neck region.

Background: Olfactory and gustatory functions have not been investigated in patients with vascular malformation of the extracranial head and neck region with validated smell and taste tests. Although olfactory and gustatory deficiencies are often not outwardly apparent, they substantially affect daily life.

Methods: Smell and taste tests using sniffin sticks and taste strips were administered in 40 patients.

[Venous and arteriovenous malformations in the head and neck region. Therapeutic options and challenges].

Venous malformations are the prototype low-flow malformations in the head and neck region. Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) represent the main high-flow malformations. In recent years it has been possible to significantly optimize the therapeutic options for venous malformations.

[Lymphatic malformations in the head and neck region. Clinical aspects and therapeutic options].

Lymphatic malformations are congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system which occur predominantly in the head and neck region. According to their dominant clinical and morphological characteristics, these are classified into micro- and macrocystic forms. Established therapies for lymphatic malformations include conventional surgery, sclerotherapy and laser treatment.

The chorioallantoic membrane assay is a promising ex vivo model system for the study of vascular anomalies.

Unlabelled: The present feasibility study evaluated the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay established in cancer and angiogenesis research as a tool for the study of vascular anomalies (VAs) in the head and neck area, since the lack of appropriate model systems poses a major obstacle in VA research.

Materials And Methods: VA tissues from three patients, two with an arteriovenous and one with a lymphatic malformation, were analyzed and evaluated in the CAM assay.

Results: The arteriovenous malformations induced a potent angiogenic reaction, resulting in new vessel growth and reperfusion by chicken embryo blood, which was comparable in extent with the positive vascular endothelial growth factor control.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is not implicated in the etiology of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland.

Conclusion: The lack of human papilloma virus (HPV) sequences as well as potential HPV-activated cells such as cells that would be p16- and Ki-67 positive does not support a role of HPV in the pathogenesis of this lesion.

Objective: The exact etiopathogenesis of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if HPV could play a role in the development of this parotid lesion.

Localization of lymphatic malformations of the neck.

Background: The head and neck region is the most common site for lymphatic malformations. The aim of the present study was to analyze the exact localizations of lymphatic malformations of the neck.

Methods And Results: The patients' charts of 48 patients with lymphatic malformations of the neck were retrospectively analyzed regarding gender, age at diagnosis, age at initial presentation, morphologic type, size, and localization.

Prospective evaluation of reliability of cone-beam computed tomography in detecting different position of vibroplasty middle ear implants.

Objectives: This study had the following objectives: (i) to determine the accuracy of determination of Vibrant Soundbridge position in the spectrum of typically implanted sites in the middle ear, (ii) to assess interobserver agreement between three observers with different levels of radiology experience and (iii) to determine the suitability of cone-beam computed tomography (CT) to be used as the baseline radiological assessment post implantation, confirm ferromagnetic transducer (FMT) position.

Design: Prospective research study. Using four fresh human cadaveric heads, different types of vibroplasty were performed.

Internet-mediated physician-patient interaction focusing on extracranial hemangiomas and vascular malformations.

Background: Internet-mediated communication in health care is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to analyze internet-mediated physician-patient interaction in an angioma center.

Methods: Patient-related e-mails received between January 2002 and June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed regarding the diagnosis of hemangiomas or vascular malformations.

Lymphatic malformations of the orbit.

Objectives: Lymphatic malformations of the orbit are rare lesions that constitute approximately 1% to 8% of all orbital masses. They are difficult to treat since they do not remain within anatomic boundaries and tend to penetrate into normal orbital structures. The aim was to analyze clinical courses and therapy options in patients with lymphatic malformations of the orbit.

Management of vascular malformations and hemangiomas of the head and neck--an update.

Purpose Of Review: We are witnesses of improved therapeutic strategies and intensified multidisciplinary and international exchange in the field of vascular anomalies of the head and neck region. This review summarizes today's 'state of the art' in treatment and points out recent developments in clinical management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck.

Recent Findings: Despite the general acceptance of the 'Hamburg classification', inappropriate use of the term 'hemangioma' is still found in scientific correspondences.

Does hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia affect olfactory or gustatory function?

Background: The olfactory and gustatory functions of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients have not been documented by validated tests. Disorders of the nasal/oral cavity may interfere with the olfactory and gustatory functions. Fifty-four HHT patients were investigated by smell/taste tests.

[Intracochlear electrode position: evaluation after deep insertion using cone beam computed tomography].

Introduction: Due to the increasing number of cochlear implantations (CI), postoperative radiological verification of the electrode position, e.g., with respect to quality control, plays a central role.

Novel approach to complex pulmonary arteriovenous malformation embolization using detachable coils and Amplatzer vascular plugs.

Introduction: We evaluated the feasibility of a modified embolization technique of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) using venous sac embolization with detachable coils combined with the feeding artery embolization with the Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively studied technical and clinical success in the treatment of 11 complexe PAVMs. We recorded number and size of feeding arteries and draining vein, the last prior and post treatment in the follow up CT, size of PAVMs; and the number of devices needed to occlude each PAVM.

Phleboliths from venous malformations of the head and neck.

Objectives/hypothesis: Phleboliths in venous malformations (VM) of the head and neck are often observed and may cause significant symptoms. Only a few articles refer to the morphology and composition of the phleboliths in VM. The objective of this study was to analyse and to demonstrate their composition and morphology.

Port-wine stains are more than skin-deep! Expanding the spectrum of extracutaneous manifestations of nevi flammei of the head and neck.

Unlabelled: It is well known that port-wine stains of the upper part of the face may herald abnormalities of the brain or eye in the form of Sturge-Weber syndrome. This study focuses on other extracutaneous anomalies in patients with nevi flammei of the head and neck, giving rise to functional complications.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients with port-wine stains involving the head and neck area.

Delayed lymph node metastases after elective neck dissection in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer and pN0 neck.

Purpose: Patients with surgically treated head and neck cancer and clinical N0 neck with high risk of occult lymph node metastasis undergo elective neck dissection (ND). Late lymph node metastasis may appear in those patients with pN0 neck. The aim of the present study was to analyze the incidence and clinical relevance of late lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer.