Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in a 3D system produce higher concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with increased complexity and enhanced neuronal growth properties.

Purpose: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess great potential in preclinical models. An efficient biomanufacturing platform is necessary for scale up production for clinical therapeutic applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential differences in neuro-regenerative properties of MSC-derived EVs generated in 2D versus 3D culture systems.

Unpacking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction have been associated with brain injury and long-term disability after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a link underlying these pathogenic processes.

Combinatorial therapy with immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory and tear substitute eyedrops ("Triple Play") in Recalcitrant Immunological Ocular Surface Diseases.

Purpose: The current paradigm for therapy of recalcitrant ocular surface diseases (OSD) consists of a sequential, step-up treatment approach. A combinatorial topical therapy (anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive [steroid] with immunomodulatory [pooled human immune globulin] and tear substitute [serum]) that simultaneously targets several immunological pathways may be more efficacious. This report evaluates if the combinatorial therapy resulted in clinical benefit in patients with recalcitrant OSD.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Delayed cerebral vasospasm is a feared complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Objective: To investigate the relationship of systemic inflammation, measured using the systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index, with delayed angiographic or sonographic vasospasm. We hypothesize that early elevations in SII index serve as an independent predictor of vasospasm.

Inflammasome Caspase-1 Activity is Elevated in Cerebrospinal Fluid After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Predicts Functional Outcome.

Background/objective: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating neurological injury, further complicated by few available methods to objectively predict outcomes. With the recent shift in focus to neuroinflammation as a potential cause of adverse outcomes following SAH, we investigated the inflammasome-derived enzyme, caspase-1, as a potential biomarker for poor functional outcome.

Methods: SAH patients were recruited from a regional stroke referral center.