Kinematic and kinetic parameters to identify water polo players' eggbeater kick techniques.

This study aimed to clarify the kinematic and kinetic parameters that identify the technical differences in the eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players performed the eggbeater kick, and its kinematics were recorded by a motion capture system. Pressure distributions around the feet were measured by sixteen pressure sensors attached to the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the feet, from which the resultant fluid force acting on the feet and the vertical component of the force (i.

Effects of exceeding stroke frequency of maximal effort on hand kinematics and hand propulsive force in front crawl.

This study aimed to assess kinematic and kinetic changes in front crawl with various stroke frequency () conditions to investigate why swimming velocity () does not increase above a certain (). Eight male swimmers performed 20 m front crawl four times. The first trial involved maximal effort, whereas was controlled during the next three trials.

Propulsive forces on water polo players' feet from eggbeater kicking estimated by pressure distribution analysis.

The purpose of this study was to characterise the unsteady propulsive force during eggbeater kicking by a fluid force estimation method based on pressure distribution analysis. The eggbeater kick was performed by six male water polo players. The participants' eggbeater kicking motions were recorded by three cameras, and the kinematic foot variables were analysed.

Estimating the hydrodynamic forces during eggbeater kicking by pressure distribution analysis.

This study investigates the reliability and validity of the estimation of the hydrodynamic forces during eggbeater kicking (a water-treading technique) by pressure distribution analysis (PDA). Our PDA procedure is very similar to that used in a previous study concerning breaststroke kicking (Tsunokawa et al., 2015).