Cytokine profiles in an extremely preterm infant with congenital syphilis.

We report the cytokine profiles of an infant with congenital syphilis as a first case. This female infant was born by vaginal delivery at a gestational age of 27 weeks during her mother's treatment for syphilis. Elevation of T helper (Th)-1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and IL-17, which supports immunological mechanisms of Th-1, was similar to that in cases of syphilis in adults.

Investigation of biomarkers in a rare case of fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis in a preterm infant.

We encountered a very rare case of fulminant necrotizing enterocolitis (F-NEC) in a preterm male baby. The course of NEC and sepsis in this case was clearly different from the usual course. After onset at 14 days of life, catheter-related bloodstream infection was first assumed, and antibiotics and γ-globulin administration were started.

Peripheral platelet phagocytosis in an extremely low birth weight infant:a case report.

A 768 g female neonate, born at 25 weeks' gestation, developed sepsis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis on day 14. Severe thrombocytopenia was observed, and hemophagocytic macrophages were identified in her peripheral blood smear. Cytokine profiles at the time of onset suggested that an inflammatory cytokine storm had activated lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to platelet phagocytosis.