Prenatal air pollution exposure and childhood obesity: Effect modification by maternal fruits and vegetables intake.

Background & Aims: Prenatal exposure to air pollution is robustly associated with fetal growth restriction but the extent to which it is associated with postnatal growth and the risk of childhood obesity remains unknown. We examined the association of prenatal exposure to air pollution with offspring obesity related measures and evaluated the possible protective effect of maternal fruits and vegetables intake (FV).

Methods: We included 633 mother-child pairs from the Rhea pregnancy cohort in Crete, Greece.

Personal assessment of the external exposome during pregnancy and childhood in Europe.

The human exposome affects child development and health later in life, but its personal external levels, variability, and correlations are largely unknown. We characterized the personal external exposome of pregnant women and children in eight European cities. Panel studies included 167 pregnant women and 183 children (aged 6-11 years).