Alteration of Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Acute and/or Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Changes in gut microbiome composition have been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Our objective was to explore the microbial abundance in patients with GvHD after allo-HSCT. We conducted a single-center, prospective study in patients who underwent allo-HSCT and developed grade II or higher acute GvHD and/or moderate or severe chronic GvHD, to explore the microbial abundance of taxa at the phylum, family, genus, and species level, and we utilized alpha and beta diversity indices to further describe our findings.

Open-Label Randomized Controlled Study of Ciprofloxacin vs Rifaximin as Neutropenia Prophylaxis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Loss of microbiota diversity has been clearly associated with poor outcomes in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation setting. However, the choice of the optimal antibiotic prophylaxis during the pre-engraftment phase remains unclear. We designed a prospective randomized study to compare our standard-of-care neutropenia prophylaxis (ciprofloxacin) with rifaximin.

Risk Factors and Outcomes of Infection Before and After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

carbapenemase (KPC)-producing (KPC-Kp) emerge as a major healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the significance of infections before and after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), the burden of KP infections has not been extensively evaluated. We studied the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of consecutive alloHCT recipients with Kp isolates before and after alloHCT.

Nelarabine-associated reversible Guillain-Barré-like syndrome or myelopathy in an adult patient with primary refractory T-lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Nelarabine is a purine analogue used for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma mainly as a bridge to stem cell transplantation. The water-soluble prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl guanine (Ara-G) is phosphorylated within leukemic cells to form ara-G triphosphate (ara-GTP), which terminates DNA chain elongation, resulting in cell death. The drug received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 2005 based on the induction of complete remissions in 2 phase II trials.