The protective effects of Swedish COVID-19 pandemic strategies on adolescents' mental health: a longitudinal cohort study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate a cohort of Swedish eighth graders' mental health and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Participants were 157 eighth graders recruited in junior high schools during 2020 who completed a depression questionnaire and a survey about their psychosocial health in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside a follow-up assessment in 2021. Analyses were conducted using latent change score and cross-lagged models.

Reliability and Validity of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Portuguese Version.

This study examined the test-retest reliability, consensual, convergent and divergent validities, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of the Portuguese version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Eighty-nine children/adolescents (65 psychiatric outpatients and 24 healthy controls) were interviewed with K-SADS-PL and completed measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The child's parent/caretaker completed the Child Behavior Checklist.

Polygenic Risk: Predicting Depression Outcomes in Clinical and Epidemiological Cohorts of Youths.

Objective: Identifying risk factors for major depression and depressive symptoms in youths could have important implications for prevention efforts. This study examined the association of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for a broad depression phenotype derived from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) in adults, and its interaction with childhood abuse, with clinically relevant depression outcomes in clinical and epidemiological youth cohorts.

Methods: The clinical cohort comprised 279 youths with major depression (mean age=14.

FKBP5 moderation of the relationship between childhood trauma and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in adolescents.

Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as rumination and catastrophizing, are transdiagnostic risk factors for psychopathology. FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) has been found to moderate the relationship between stressful life events and various psychiatric disorders. Given the cross-disorder moderation effect of FKBP5 at the diagnostic level, the aim of the current study was to examine whether the relationship between exposure to childhood trauma and transdiagnostic maladaptive emotion regulation processes would also be moderated by genetic FKBP5 variation in a community sample of adolescents.

Long-term outcome of medically confirmed and self-reported early traumatic brain injury in two nationwide samples.

Primary Objectives: To assess long-term effects of early traumatic brain injury (TBI) on mental health, cognition, behaviour and adjustment and to identify prognostic factors.

Methods And Procedures: A 1-year nationwide cohort of all 0-19 year old Icelandic children and adolescents diagnosed with TBI in 1992-1993 (n = 550) received a questionnaire with clinical outcome scales and questions on TBI and socio-economic status (SES) by mail ∼16 years post-injury. A control group (n = 1232), newly selected from the National Registry, received the same questionnaire.

The scope of early traumatic brain injury as a long-term health concern in two nationwide samples: prevalence and prognostic factors.

Primary Objectives: To examine the scope of paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a health concern and to identify prognostic factors for TBI-related sequelae.

Methods And Procedures: The study was prospective and nationwide. A questionnaire was sent to a study group (SG) of all 0-19 years old in Iceland, diagnosed ∼16 years earlier with TBI during a 1-year period, 1992-1993 (n = 550) and to a control group (CG) (n = 1232), selected from the National Register.

Prevention of depression among Icelandic adolescents: a 12-month follow-up.

This paper reports the 12-month follow-up results regarding a program designed to prevent the initial episode of depression and/or dysthymia among Icelandic adolescents. This indicated prevention program was implemented in school settings for 14-15 year-old students judged to be "at risk" for depression because of the presence of some depressive symptoms and/or a negative attributional style. We previously reported (Arnarson & Craighead, 2009) that this program, when compared to treatment-as-usual, was effective in preventing the first episode of depression and/or dysthymia at 6-months following completion of the program.

[Clinical status and treatment adherence of young adults with type one diabetes mellitus following transition to adult health care].

Objective: This paper highlights the treatment factors of concern after the transition from an outpatient clinic for children and adolescents to an outpatient clinic for adults.

Material And Methods: Participants were 56 individuals with diabetes type one in their twenties seeking treatment at the Diabetes clinic at Landspítali-University Hospital. In all, 72 outpatients met inclusion criteria and the response rate was 78%.

Prevention of depression among Icelandic adolescents.

Major depression and dysthymia are frequent, debilitating, and chronic disorders, whose highest rate of initial onset is during the late adolescent years. The effectiveness of a program designed to prevent an initial episode of major depression or dysthymia among adolescents was investigated. Participants were 171 fourteen-year-old "at risk" Icelandic adolescents who were randomly assigned to a prevention program or a treatment-as-usual assessment only control group.

[Diabetes type 1 in young adults: The relationship between psycho-social variables, glycemic control, depression and anxiety].

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether psycho-social variables, for example social support and task- and emotion-oriented coping would predict psychological and physical well being among young adults with diabetes.

Material And Methods: Participants were 56 individuals in their twenties suffering from type 1 diabetes. Response rate was 78%.

The prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and age at injury in pediatric traumatic head injuries.

Aims: To estimate the prognostic value of injury severity, location of event, and demographic parameters, for symptoms of pediatric traumatic head injury (THI) 4 years later.

Methods: Data were collected prospectively from Reykjavik City Hospital on all patients age 0-19 years, diagnosed with THI (n = 408) during one year. Information was collected on patient demographics, location of traumatic event, cause of injury, injury severity, and ICD-9 diagnosis.

Urban-rural differences in pediatric traumatic head injuries: A prospective nationwide study.

Aims: To estimate differences in the incidence of recorded traumatic head injuries by gender, age, severity, and geographical area.

Methods: The study was prospective and nationwide. Data were collected from all hospitals, emergency units and healthcare centers in Iceland regarding all Icelandic children and adolescents 0-19 years old consecutively diagnosed with traumatic head injuries (N = 550) during a one-year period.

Orthodontic treatment experience and prevalence of malocclusion traits in an Icelandic adult population.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to record the extent of orthodontic treatment and the prevalence of occlusal anomalies in an adult sample in Iceland.

Methods: The study was based on a random sample of 829 subjects, 342 men and 487 women, aged 31 to 44 years, who completed questionnaires about their orthodontic treatment experiences and were available for clinical examination.

Results: Complete dentitions in both jaws were present in 52.

Dental anxiety in Iceland: an epidemiological postal survey.

In this study, we examined the prevalence of specific (dental) phobia among a sample of the Icelandic population. In addition to dental anxiety we explored factors that could be related to dental anxiety. In the period 1972-73, a stratified sample of 1641 schoolchildren in Reykjavík was selected for a study on malocclusion, dental maturation and other factors.