How much time do emergency department physicians spend on medication-related tasks? A time- and-motion study.

Background: Medication-related problems are an important cause of emergency department (ED) visits, and medication errors are reported in up to 60% of ED patients. Procedures such as medication reconciliation and medication review can identify and prevent medication-related problems and medication errors. However, this work is often time-consuming.

What makes mentors thrive? An exploratory study of their satisfaction in undergraduate medical education.

Background: Mentoring medical students with varied backgrounds and individual needs can be challenging. Mentors' satisfaction is likely to be important for the quality and sustainability of mentorships, especially in programs where the mentor has responsibility for facilitating a group of mentees. However, little is known about what influences mentors' satisfaction.

Completeness of medication information in admission notes from emergency departments.

Background: Medication lists prepared in the emergency department (ED) form the basis for diagnosing and treating patients during hospitalization. Since incomplete medication information may lead to patient harm, it is crucial to obtain a correct and complete medication list at hospital admission. In this cross-sectional retrospective study we wanted to explore medication information completeness in admission notes from Norwegian EDs and investigate which factors were associated with level of completeness.

First year junior doctors and medical uncertainty - a qualitative study.

Background: Few studies have investigated how doctors in Norway deal with medical uncertainty. The purpose of the study was to explore how first year junior doctors perceive and manage uncertainty in clinical practice.

Material And Methods: Ten first year junior doctors at two hospitals in Norway were recruited for interviews following response pattern analysis from a mapping questionnaire.

What does shared decision making ask from doctors? Uncovering suppressed qualities that could improve person-centered care.

Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) is infrequently seen in clinical practice despite four decades of efforts. We propose a need to explore what SDM asks from doctors in terms of enabling competencies and necessary, underlying qualities, and how these can be nurtured or suppressed in medical training.

Discussion: Key SDM tasks call for doctors to understand communication and decision mechanisms to carry them out well, including reflecting on what they know and do not know, considering what to say and how, and listening unprejudiced to patients.

Patient perceptions and experiences with medication-related activities in the emergency department: a qualitative study.

Background: Emergency department (ED) pharmacists reduce medication errors and improve quality of medication use. Patient perceptions and experiences with ED pharmacists have not been studied. The aim of this study was to explore patients' perceptions of and experiences with medication-related activities in the ED, with and without an ED pharmacist present.

The liminal landscape of mentoring-Stories of physicians becoming mentors.

Introduction: This study explores narratives of physicians negotiating liminality while becoming and being mentors for medical students. Liminality is the unstable phase of a learning trajectory in which one leaves behind one understanding but has yet to reach a new insight or position.

Methods: In this study, we analysed semi-structural interviews of 22 physician mentors from group-based mentoring programmes at two Norwegian and one Canadian medical school.

Patient characteristics in sepsis-related deaths: prevalence of advanced frailty, comorbidity, and age in a Norwegian hospital trust.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of advanced frailty, comorbidity, and age among sepsis-related deaths in an adult hospital population.

Methods: Retrospective chart reviews of deceased adults within a Norwegian hospital trust, with a diagnosis of infection, over 2 years (2018-2019). The likelihood of sepsis-related death was evaluated by clinicians as sepsis-related, possibly sepsis-related, or not sepsis-related.

Patients with low-voltage electric shock referred to an Emergency Department.

Background: Patients exposed to electricity are often referred to the Emergency Department, but guidelines differ as to how they should be managed. In this article, we describe patients with low-voltage electric shock in the Emergency Department at St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital.

Material And Method: Retrospective data from patients referred to the Emergency Department following low-voltage electric shock (< 1,000 V) in the period 1.

Doctors educated in Bodø - who are they and where do they work?

Background: Every year since 2009, up to 24 medical students at UiT The Arctic University of Norway have undertaken the last two years of their undergraduate medical education in Bodø (referred to as the Bodø model). We mapped the municipalities where the students had grown up, their preferences as to future specialties, where they worked and what they worked with after Part 1 of their specialist training.

Material And Method: Medical students who graduated from the Bodø model in the period 2012-18 completed a questionnaire in the first week of their sixth year of study, containing questions about where they had grown up and their preferences for future place of work and specialty.

Integrating the clinical pharmacist into the emergency department interdisciplinary team: a study protocol for a multicentre trial applying a non-randomised stepped-wedge study design.

Introduction: The 'emergency department (ED) pharmacist' is an integrated part of the ED interdisciplinary team in many countries, which have shown to improve medication safety and reduce costs related to hospitalisations. In Norway, few EDs are equipped with ED pharmacists, and research describing effects on patients has not been conducted. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of introducing clinical pharmacists to the interdisciplinary ED team.

Threshold concepts in group-based mentoring and implications for faculty development: A qualitative analysis.

Introduction: The literature on faculty development programs for mentors is scarce. This study examines mentors' experiences and challenges, with the aim of identifying threshold concepts in mentoring. It also discusses the implications for the faculty development of mentors.

Patient with severe COVID-19 treated with corticosteroids.

Background: Treatment with corticosteroids for COVID-19 and ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) is controversial and has generally not been recommended.

Case Presentation: A woman in her sixties was admitted to hospital after ten days of flu-like symptoms. She was confirmed as Sars-CoV-2-positive and experienced a steady decrease in oxygen saturation (SaO2), despite being given increasing amounts of supplemental oxygen.

Group mentorship for undergraduate medical students-a systematic review.

Introduction: Mentoring has become a prevalent educational strategy in medical education, with various aims. Published reviews of mentoring report very little on group-based mentorship programs. The aim of this systematic review was to identify group-based mentorship programs for undergraduate medical students and describe their aims, structures, contents and program evaluations.

Uncertainty in health care: Towards a more systematic program of research.

Objective: To promote a more systematic approach to research on uncertainty in health care, and to explore promising starting points and future directions for this research.

Methods: We examine three fundamental aspects of medical uncertainty that a systematic research program should ideally address: its nature, effects, and communication. We summarize key insights from past empirical research and explore existing conceptual models that can help guide future research.

Shared decision-making in older patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer: Determinants of patients' and observers' perceptions.

Objective: To identify determinants of older patients' perceptions of involvement in decision-making on colorectal (CRC) or pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment, and to compare these with determinants of observers' perceptions.

Methods: Patients' perceptions of involvement were constructed by the 9-item SDM questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) and a Visual Analogue Scale for Involvement (VAS-I). Observers' perceptions were constructed by the OPTION5, OPTION12, and MAPPIN'SDM.

Clinical decisions presented to patients in hospital encounters: a cross-sectional study using a novel taxonomy.

Objective: To identify and classify all clinical decisions that emerged in a sample of patient-physician encounters and compare different categories of decisions across clinical settings and personal characteristics.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive evaluation of hospital encounters videotaped in 2007-2008 using a novel taxonomy to identify and classify clinically relevant decisions (both actions and judgements).

Participants And Setting: 372 patients and 58 physicians from 17 clinical specialties in ward round (WR), emergency room (ER) and outpatient (OP) encounters in a Norwegian university hospital.

Eliciting patient preferences in shared decision-making (SDM): Comparing conversation analysis and SDM measurements.

Objective: To explore how physicians bring up patient preferences, and how it aligns with assessments of shared decision-making.

Methods: Qualitative conversation analysis of physicians formulating hypotheses about the patient's treatment preference was compared with quantitative scores on SDM and 'patient preferences' using OPTION(5) and MAPPIN'SDM.

Results: Physicians occasionally formulate hypotheses about patients' preferences and then present a treatment option on the basis of that ("if you think X+we can do Y").

Shared decision-making as an existential journey: Aiming for restored autonomous capacity.

Objective: We describe the different ways in which illness represents an existential problem, and its implications for shared decision-making.

Methods: We explore core concepts of shared decision-making in medical encounters (uncertainty, vulnerability, dependency, autonomy, power, trust, responsibility) to interpret and explain existing results and propose a broader understanding of shared-decision making for future studies.

Results: Existential aspects of being are physical, social, psychological, and spiritual.