Publications by authors named "Eira Stokland"
Article Synopsis
- Conventional diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is useful for assessing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants, and multiparametric diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide deeper insights into kidney pathology.
- This study involved nine kidneys from seven infants, utilizing DTI to differentiate various renal lesions after acute scintigraphy related to their first UTI.
- Results indicated significant differences in DTI parameters between lesions and normal kidney tissue, suggesting that multiparametric DTI could help identify and differentiate acute pyelonephritis from other kidney issues in young infants.
Aim: Aim of the study was to provide a scoring system for predicting downgrading and resolution of infantile high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Methods: Eighty-nine infants (65 boys) with high-grade VUR (grade 4-5) diagnosed at median age 2.5 months and followed to 39 months had repeated investigations of VUR grade, renal damage/function and bladder function.
Background: Our objective was to analyze the evolution of kidney damage over time in small children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and factors associated with progression of renal damage.
Methods: From a cohort of 1003 children <2 years of age with first-time UTI, a retrospective analysis of 103 children was done. Children were selected because of renal damage at index Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy at least 3 months after UTI, and a late DMSA scan was performed after at least 2 years.
Introduction: High-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants is associated with congenital renal abnormalities, recurrent UTI, and bladder dysfunction. Endoscopic treatment (ET) is a well-established method in children with low to moderate reflux grades, but there is a lack of randomised controlled trials regarding the use of ET versus continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in infants with high-grade VUR.
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether high-grade VUR in infants can be treated with endoscopic injection and whether ET is superior to antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of VUR.
Background: In national guidelines for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children, different cut-off levels for defining bacteriuria are used. In this study, the relationship between bacterial count in infant UTI and inflammatory parameters, frequency of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), kidney damage, and recurrent UTI was analyzed.
Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective study of 430 infants age <1 year with symptomatic UTI diagnosed by suprapubic aspiration.
Objective: There are clear sex differences in the distribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in adults, with males having more VAT and less SAT than females. This study assessed whether these differences between the sexes were already present in preschool children. It also evaluated which measures of body composition were most appropriate for assessing abdominal obesity in this age group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), frequently with contrast enhancement, is the preferred imaging modality for many indications in children. Practice varies widely between centers, reflecting the rapid pace of change and the need for further research. Guide-line changes, for example on contrast-medium choice, require continued practice reappraisal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Ultrasonography (US) is commonly used to visualize the upper urinary tract in children and adolescents with meningomyelocele (MMC). The aim of this investigation was to prospectively evaluate US in those with spinal angulation or obesity and compare it to the corresponding results obtained by mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography.
Patients And Methods: Twenty-five children and adolescents with MMC and pronounced angulation of the spine or obesity, were prospectively investigated with both US and renography during the period 2006 to 2008.
Purpose: We analyzed clinical data for prediction of permanent renal damage in infants with first time urinary tract infection.
Materials And Methods: This population based, prospective, 3-year study included 161 male and 129 female consecutive infants with first time urinary tract infection. Ultrasonography and dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy were performed as acute investigations and voiding cystourethrography within 2 months.
Purpose: To develop and validate a method for rapid acquisition and automated processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images for analysis of abdominal adipose tissue distribution in children.
Materials And Methods: The study included 21 (10 girls, 11 boys) healthy 5-year-old children. Rapid water and fat MR imaging (6 sec) was performed using a 2-point-Dixon technique on a 1.
Purpose: We compared the development of new renal damage in small children with dilating vesicoureteral reflux randomly allocated to antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic treatment or surveillance as the control group.
Materials And Methods: Included in the study were 128 girls and 75 boys 1 to younger than 2 years with grade III-IV reflux. Voiding cystourethrography and dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy were done before randomization and after 2 years.
Purpose: We compared reflux status in children with dilating vesicoureteral reflux treated in 3 groups, including low dose antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic therapy and a surveillance group on antibiotic treatment only for febrile urinary tract infection.
Materials And Methods: A total of 203 children 1 to younger than 2 years with grade III-IV reflux were recruited into this open, randomized, controlled trial. Endoscopic treatment was done with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer.
Purpose: We compared the rates of febrile urinary tract infection, kidney damage and reflux resolution in children with vesicoureteral reflux treated in 3 ways, including antibiotic prophylaxis, endoscopic therapy and surveillance with antibiotics only for symptomatic urinary tract infection.
Materials And Methods: Children 1 to younger than 2 years with grade III-IV reflux were recruited into this prospective, open, randomized, controlled, multicenter study and followed for 2 years after randomization. The main study end points were recurrent febrile urinary tract infection, renal status on dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy and reflux status.
Purpose: We evaluated the role of ultrasound in diagnosing and treating infants with a first urinary tract infection with a focus on important structural abnormalities.
Materials And Methods: In a setting of limited prenatal ultrasound screening this population based, prospective, 3-year study included 161 male and 129 female infants. Ultrasound and dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy were performed as initial investigations and voiding cystourethrography was conducted within 2 months.
Purpose: We studied variables with impact on cessation of congenital high grade vesicoureteral reflux in univariate analyses and provide a multivariate model for prediction of reflux resolution.
Materials And Methods: A total of 80 male and 35 female infants (median age 2.7 months) were included in this prospective observational study.
Objectives: This clinical study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of gadobutrol, a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging extracellular contrast agent, in pediatric patients aged 2 to 17 years.
Materials And Methods: In this open-label, multicenter study, patients scheduled for routine contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the brain, spine, liver or kidney, or MR angiography received a single intravenous injection of gadobutrol (0.1 mmol/kg/0.
Objective: To test the hypothesis that infants with dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) have abnormal acute dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy results, as was suggested by an earlier retrospective study.
Study Design: We conducted a prospective study of infants <1 year old with first diagnosed symptomatic urinary tract infection at the Children's Hospital of Göteborg, Sweden. Two hundred ninety consecutive children (161 boys and 129 girls) with complete records were examined.
Background: Renal duplication is the most common malformation of the urinary tract and is frequently seen among children with urinary tract infection (UTI).
Objective: To evaluate problems in the interpretation of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy and to establish the range of relative function in uncomplicated unilateral duplication.
Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 303 children less than 2 years of age with first time non-obstructive urinary tract infection investigated by both urography and DMSA scintigraphy.
Purpose: We studied the relationship among vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection and permanent renal damage in children.
Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 303 children younger than 2 years with a first time, nonobstructive, culture verified urinary tract infection. The protocol included ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography within 3 months after urinary tract infection, and (99m)technetium dimercapto-succinic acid scintigraphy after 1 to 2 years.
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of difficulties when using ultrasonography (US, commonly used to visualize the upper urinary tract) to evaluate renal length and dilatation in children and adolescents with meningomyelocele (MMC), who have excessive obesity or a distorted spine.
Patients And Methods: The records of all children with MMC investigated during 1996-2002 were assessed retrospectively and the last investigation used for analysis. In addition to the US results, the body mass index (BMI) and angulation of the spine were recorded.
Purpose: We study the ability of dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy to predict the presence of dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in infants with urinary tract infection (UTI) to simplify the evaluation protocol.
Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the records of 303 children younger than 2 years with initial UTI investigated with DMSA scintigraphy and voiding cystourethrography (VCU) within 3 months after UTI was performed.
Results: In 156 of the 303 children (51%) DMSA scintigraphy showed renal lesions.
Purpose: We studied the spontaneous resolution rate in a group of infants with high grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The influence of gender, prenatal or postnatal diagnosis, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and bladder dysfunction on the resolution rate was also evaluated.
Materials And Methods: This prospective study comprised 115 infants (80 boys and 35 girls) with high grade VUR (grades III to V).
Background: Sedation with midazolam facilitates the performance of diagnostic procedures in children, including voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). However, the influence of sedation on voiding and imaging results have not been adequately evaluated.
Objective: Midazolam and placebo were compared to assess discomfort during VCUG and to evaluate if sedation influenced the outcome of the examination.