Changes in self-reported health and wellbeing outcomes in 36,951 primary school children from 2014 to 2022 in Wales: an analysis using annual survey data.

Introduction: This study examines the changes in childhood self-reported health and wellbeing between 2014 and 2022.

Methods: An annual survey delivered by HAPPEN-Wales, in collaboration with 500 primary schools, captured self-reported data on physical health, dietary habits, mental health, and overall wellbeing for children aged 8-11 years.

Results: The findings reveal a decline in physical health between 2014 and 2022, as evidenced by reduced abilities in swimming and cycling.

Automated Messaging Program to Facilitate Systematic Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Qualitative Analysis of Provider Interviews.

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular and kidney disease in the United States, yet blood pressure (BP) control at a population level is poor and worsening. Systematic home BP monitoring (HBPM) programs can lower BP, but programs supporting HBPM are not routinely used. The MyBP program deploys automated bidirectional text messaging for HBPM and disease self-management support.

Randomized feasibility trial of a digital intervention for hypertension self-management.

Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) can improve hypertension management. Digital tools to facilitate routinized HBPM and patient self-care are underutilized and lack evidence of effectiveness. MyBP provides video-based education and automated text messaging to support continuous BP self-monitoring with recurring feedback.

SMS-facilitated home blood pressure monitoring: A qualitative analysis of resultant health behavior change.

Objective: Hypertension is largely asymptomatic and, as a result, patients often fail to sufficiently engage in medication adherence and other health behaviors to control their blood pressure (BP). This study explores the mechanisms by which MyBP, an automated SMS-facilitated home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) program, helps facilitate healthy behavior changes.

Methods: A thematic analysis of transcribed audio-recordings from semi-structured post-intervention interviews (n = 40) was conducted.

Development and Preliminary Feasibility of an Automated Hypertension Self-Management System.

Background: Uncontrolled hypertension constitutes a significant challenge throughout the world. Blood pressure measurement by patients is informative for both patients and providers but is rarely performed systematically, thereby reducing its utility. Mobile phones can be used to efficiently prompt individuals to measure blood pressure and automate data management while avoiding technology barriers to widespread adoption.

A Novel Cooling Method and Comparison of Active Rewarming of Mildly Hypothermic Subjects.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) vs heated intravenous fluid (IVF) rewarming in hypothermic subjects. Additionally, we sought to develop a novel method of hypothermia induction.

Methods: Eight subjects underwent 3 cooling trials each to a core temperature of 34.

Dermatologic Diagnosis: Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV), also termed hypersensitivity vasculitis, is a small-vessel vasculitis. The skin is the organ most commonly involved in LCV. Typical presentation is a painful, burning rash predominantly in the lower extremities.

Patient-Reported Outcomes for Determining Prognostic Groups in Veterans With Advanced Cancer.

Context: Physicians overestimate survival in patients with advanced cancer. Patient-reported outcomes could provide another way to estimate survival. We previously reported four prognostic groups based on Karnofsky Performance Status, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy physical well-being subscale, and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form physical symptom distress subscale scores.

Cervicothoracic multisegmental transpinal evoked potentials in humans.

The objectives of this study were to establish the neurophysiological properties of the transpinal evoked potentials (TEPs) following transcutaneous electric stimulation of the spine (tsESS) over the cervicothoracic region, changes in the amplitude of the TEPs preceded by median nerve stimulation at group I threshold, and the effects of tsESS on the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) H-reflex in thirteen healthy human subjects while seated. Two re-usable self-adhering electrodes, connected to function as one electrode (cathode), were placed bilaterally on the clavicles. A re-usable electrode (anode) was placed on the cervicothoracic region covering from Cervical 4-Thoracic 2 and held under constant pressure throughout the experiment.

Deformation gradients imprint the direction and speed of en masse fibroblast migration for fast healing.

En masse cell migration is more relevant compared with single-cell migration in physiological processes of tissue formation, such as embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound healing. In these situations, cells are influenced by the proximity of other cells including interactions facilitated by substrate mechanics. Here, we found that when fibroblasts migrated en masse over a hydrogel, they established a well-defined deformation field by traction forces and migrated along a trajectory defined by field gradients.

Structure and dynamics of the excited states of 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans: an experimental and theoretical study.

The emission properties of a series of substituted 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans have been studied. Most compounds exhibit very intense emission in the nanosecond timescale at room temperature as well as at 77 K. The room temperature emission is attributed to the deactivation of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer excited state, based on its energy, shape and solvent dependence.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG in the prospective cohort 'PONS' study - baseline assessment.

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS) population in Poland.

Methods: The presented results are part of the PONS project, and cover information from 3,854 people aged 45-64 (2,567 females and 1,287 males) who are inhabitants of Świętokrzyski Province.

Results: In the study group there were 62.

Prevalence of hypertension in a sample of Polish population - baseline assessment from the prospective cohort 'PONS' study.

Objective: The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in the studied population.

Methods: Presented results are a part of the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS) project. The study group consisted of 3,862 inhabitants of Świętokrzyskie Province aged 45-64 years (2,572 females and 1,290 males).

Prevalence of obesity - baseline assessment in the prospective cohort 'PONS' study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population of Świętokrzyskie Province in Poland.

Methods: Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) in the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS) was measured in 2,567 females and 1,287 males. Anthropometric measurements included fat mass, height, weight, waist and hip circumference.

Ecotoxicological effects of diuron and chlorotoluron nitrate-induced photodegradation products: monospecific and aquatic mesocosm-integrated studies.

The ecotoxicological impact of nitrate-induced photodegradation products of diuron and chlorotoluron was studied through monospecific biotests conducted in conjunction with experiments in outdoor aquatic mesocosms. Organisms representing three trophic levels were used: two heterotrophic microorganisms, the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis, and one metazoa, the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. Among the variety of the phenylurea photoproducts, the N-formylated ones appeared clearly more toxic than the parent compounds towards the microorganisms, whereas the nitroderivatives showed a similar toxicity.

Regiospecific synthesis of functionalised 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans via palladium- and rhodium-catalysed reaction of boronic acids with o-acylbenzaldehydes under thermal or microwave activation.

Variously substituted 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans have been regiospecifically prepared via palladium- and rhodium-catalysed reaction of functionalised boronic acids onto o-acylbenzaldehydes. Rhodium catalysis has furthermore been improved using microwave activation. Thus, isobenzofurans containing aryl groups substituted by halogens, unprotected amine, alcohol and even aldehyde groups, have been obtained directly in good to satisfactory yields.

Localization of flavonoids in seeds by cluster time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging has been used to map flavonoids in fresh seed sections of peas (Pisum sativum) and Arabidopsis thaliana. While for peas a very simple preparation method derived from mammalian tissue imaging could be utilized, several preparation methods had to be tested for the A. thaliana seeds before obtaining tissue sections on which the diagnostic ions were not delocalized.

Sunlight nitrate-induced photodegradation of chlorotoluron: evidence of the process in aquatic mesocosms.

The nitrate-induced photodegradation of chlorotoluron was demonstrated to occur efficiently in natural water through two series of experiments in outdoor aquatic mesocosms. During the first campaign, it was shown that the pesticide degradation kinetics was clearly dependent on nitrate concentration. This parameter also influenced the accumulation of the first- and second-generation byproducts, including predominantly N-terminus oxidation products and nitro-derivatives of the phenyl ring.

Metabolism of fungicidal cyanooximes, cymoxanil and analogues in various strains of Botrytis cinerea.

Background: The metabolism of cymoxanil [1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethylurea] and fungicidal cyanooxime analogues was monitored on three phenotypes of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. differing in their sensitivity towards cymoxanil.

Characterization of metabolites of fungicidal cymoxanil in a sensitive strain of Botrytis cinerea.

The metabolism of cymoxanil [1-(2-cyano-2-methoxyiminoacetyl)-3-ethyl urea] by a very sensitive strain of Botrytis cinerea toward this fungicide was studied by using [2-(14)C]-cymoxanil. Labeled cymoxanil was added either in a culture of this strain or in its enzymatic extract. The main metabolites, detected in biological samples, were isolated and identified by mass and NMR spectrometry.

A versatile and regiospecific synthesis of functionalized 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans.

A convenient, versatile, and regiospecific synthesis of functionalized 1,3-diarylisobenzofurans has been developed. It involves chemoselective addition of arylmagnesium reagents to the aldehyde function of o-aroylbenzaldehydes, themselves readily obtained by lead tetraacetate oxidation of N-aroylhydrazones of salicylaldehydes. Various functional groups, including nitro, iodo, or ester functionalities, have thus been positioned with complete regiospecificity on the 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran backbone.

Expanding the chemical diversity of CK2 inhibitors.

None of the already described CK2 inhibitors did fulfill the requirements for successful clinical settings. In order to find innovative CK2 inhibitors based on new scaffolds, we have performed a high-throughput screening of diverse chemical libraries. We report here the identification and characterization of several classes of new inhibitors.

Multiresidue analysis of atrazine, diuron and their degradation products in sewage sludge by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

A multiresidue method has been developed to analyze atrazine (ATZ), diuron (DIU), and their major degradation products, desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), and dichlorophenylmethylurea in sewage sludge. Liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) allowed, in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode, the simultaneous analysis of these pesticides in only one run after their extraction with ethyl acetate-dichloromethane 90:10 (v/v) and a cleanup on a Florisil column. Stable isotopically labeled ATZ and DIU were used as internal standards to overcome matrix effects during the pesticide quantification.

Natural sunlight NO(3)(-)/NO(2)(-)-induced photo-degradation of phenylurea herbicides in water.

The nitrate-induced photodegradation of phenylureas in water was demonstrated to occur efficiently using natural sunlight irradiation. The kinetics of disappearance was found to be dependent on the inducer and substrate concentrations, the phenylurea structure and the origin and composition of the aqueous matrix including the presence of nitrite. The measured effects under sunlight were of the same order of those measured previously in the lab using our solar light simulated system.

Evaluation of glycosylation and malonylation patterns in flavonoid glycosides during LC/MS/MS metabolite profiling.

Flavonoid conjugates constitute several classes of plant phenolic secondary metabolites including many isomeric compounds differing in the hydroxylation pattern and substitution of their rings with different groups such as alkyls, acyls or sugars. These compounds occur in plant tissues mainly as glycosides and in many cases it is necessary to have reliable and detailed information concerning the structure of these natural products. Our results were obtained using leaf extracts of Arabidopsis thaliana and Lupinus angustifolius in which different glycosides of flavones, flavonols and isoflavones are present.