Hormonal and metabolic profiles of obese and nonobese type 2 diabetes patients: implications of plasma insulin, ghrelin, and vitamin D levels.

Unlabelled: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with obesity whereas loss of weight is a feature of the disease; however, the two states are not mutually exclusive. Obesity is linked with changes in hormonal activity and overall body metabolism.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 408 T2D patients were recruited in three distinct studies conducted in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait in three different intervals between 2001 and 2019.

Genotypes and allele frequencies of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism among Bahraini population with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related diseases.

Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, of a 287-bp Alu repetitive sequence in intron 16 of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been shown to be associated with different types of diseases and has been widely investigated in different populations with different ethnic origins. Various reports were published suggesting inter-ethnic variations in the frequency of allelic forms of the ACE gene. The goal of this study was to test the distribution of alleles and the different genotypes of ACE (I/D) polymorphism in Bahraini subjects and compare the results with those obtained from other population studies.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and T2DM in a case-control association study of the Bahraini population.

Bahrain has one of the highest incidence rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a complication was noticed in some patients while absent in others. This interesting observation raises the role of certain genetic risk factors for the development of DN.

Susceptible and protective human leukocyte antigen class II alleles and haplotypes in bahraini type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus patients.

Whereas the genetic risk for type 1 diabetes is linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, the HLA association in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes is less clear. The association between HLA class II genotypes and type 2 diabetes was examined in adult Bahrainis, an Arab population with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* genotyping of 86 unrelated type 2 diabetes patients (age, 51.

HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs.

The gene frequencies of HLA class II alleles were studied in 95 healthy Lebanese Arab and 72 healthy Bahraini Arab subjects. Our aim was to establish the genetic relationship between Bahraini and Lebanese Arabs in terms of HLA class II gene and haplotype frequencies and to compare these results with frequencies for other countries with populations of Caucasian and non-Caucasian descent. Subjects were unrelated and of both sexes, and HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyping was done by the PCR sequence-specific primer technique.

Specific HLA-DRB and -DQB alleles and haplotypes confer disease susceptibility or resistance in Bahraini type 1 diabetes patients.

Insofar as genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is associated with HLA class II genes, with certain allelic combinations conferring disease susceptibility or resistance, this study assessed the distributions of HLA-DR and -DQ among 107 unrelated patients with type 1 diabetes and 88 healthy controls from Bahrain, all of Arab origin. The HLA-DRB and -DQB genotypes were determined by PCR-sequence-specific priming. The following alleles showed the strongest association with type 1 diabetes among patients versus controls according to their frequencies: DRB1*030101 (0.