Adherence to Oral Nutritional Supplements: A Review of Trends in Intervention Characteristics and Terminology Use Since the Year 2000.

Research on disease-related malnutrition and adherence to oral nutritional supplements (ONS) has increased in recent years. To guide future studies, it is important to identify trends in terminology use and intervention characteristics. This review aimed to map characteristics of research investigating adherence to ONS in patients with disease-related malnutrition and explore changes over time.

Impulsive Buying and Deferment of Gratification Among Adults With ADHD.

Background: Impulsivity symptoms have been studied thoroughly in adults with ADHD, including hasty actions and decisions without considering possible consequences. The objective of our study was to investigate impulsive buying and deferment of gratification among adults with ADHD and a comparison group.

Method: The participants were 225 adults with ADHD and 121 university students who completed the Buying Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Deferment of Gratification Questionnaire (DOGQ), the Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS), as well as background questions.

ITSxpress version 2: software to rapidly trim internal transcribed spacer sequences with quality scores for amplicon sequencing.

The nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions are commonly used to identify fungi and other eukaryotic taxa in amplicon sequencing. The highly conserved rRNA regions flanking the ITS are often trimmed before being used for taxonomic assignment. The Python software package ITSxpress rapidly trims single-end or paired-end sequences in FASTQ format for use in amplicon sequence variant clustering methods like DADA2.

Swedish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Head and Neck Patient Symptom Checklist: An Instrument to Screen for Nutrition Impact Symptoms in Clinical Practice and Research.

Background: The Head and Neck Patient Symptom Checklist (HNSC) is a validated 2-part instrument used to ask patients with head and neck cancer about the nutrition impact symptoms they experience (part 1) and how these interfere with their eating (part 2).

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to translate and culturally adapt the HNSC into Swedish in accordance with the guidelines of the International Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).

Methods: The ISPOR guidelines include 10 steps, and these were thoroughly followed.

Swedish translation and cultural adaptation of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©)-A validated tool for screening and assessing malnutrition in clinical practice and research.

Introduction: The scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA©) is a validated tool for the screening, assessment and monitoring of malnutrition, and triaging of interventions. It contains a patient-generated component and a healthcare professional (HCP)-generated component.

Aim: To translate the PG-SGA into Swedish, assess the linguistic and content validity of the Swedish version, and ensure conceptional, semantic and operational equivalence to the original English PG-SGA.

Mapping the impact of malnutrition as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and nutrition impact symptoms on the possibility of returning to work after treatment for head and neck cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether malnutrition or nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) affect the possibility of returning to work after treatment for head and neck cancer.

Methods: Patients of working age with head and neck cancer were followed up from treatment initiation to 3 months (n = 238), 1 year (n = 182), and 2 years (n = 130) after treatment completion. The observed decrease in the number of patients over time was due to retirement, lack of follow-up, or death.

Alexandrium on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf: Impact of upwelling in a warming Arctic.

The harmful algal genus Alexandrium has characteristically been found in temperate and subtropical regions; however recent evidence suggests global warming may be expanding its range into high latitude waters. Alexandrium cysts have previously been documented in the Chukchi Sea and we hypothesize that Alexandrium may be expanding further into the Arctic due to distribution by the Beaufort shelfbreak jet. Here we document the presence of Alexandrium catenella along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf, marking an expansion of its known range.

Frailty assessment tools and associated postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing elective surgery: A prospective pilot study.

Background: There is a need for a feasible tool to assess the risk of frailty prior to surgery. We aimed to identify the ratio of abnormal results for three clinically applicable screening tools to assess the risk of frailty, and their association with adverse outcomes in a cohort of elderly surgical patients.

Methods: In this prospective pilot study, patients ≥65 years undergoing preoperative evaluation for elective surgery were included and subjected to three frailty screening tests; Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy 7-item questionnaire (PRISMA7), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Clock Drawing Test (CDT).

Inflammatory and metabolic markers in relation to outcome of in vitro fertilization in a cohort of predominantly overweight and obese women.

For overweight and obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) the pregnancy and live birth rates are compromised while the underlying mechanisms and predictors are unclear. The aim was to explore the association between adipose tissue-related inflammatory and metabolic markers and the pregnancy and live birth outcome of IVF in a cohort of predominantly overweight and obese women. Serum samples, fulfilling standardizing criteria, were identified from 195 women having participated in either the control (n = 131) or intervention (n = 64) group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), seeking to evaluate the effect of a weight reduction intervention on IVF outcome in obese women.

A double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating a time-lapse algorithm for selecting Day 5 blastocysts for transfer.

Study Question: Can use of a commercially available time-lapse algorithm for Day 5 blastocyst selection improve pregnancy rates compared with morphology alone?

Summary Answer: The use of a time-lapse selection model to choose blastocysts for fresh single embryo transfer on Day 5 did not improve ongoing pregnancy rate compared to morphology alone.

What Is Known Already: Evidence from time-lapse monitoring suggests correlations between timing of key developmental events and embryo viability. No good quality evidence exists to support improved pregnancy rates following time-lapse selection.

[Screening for cancer of the colon and rectum A review on incidence, mortality, cost and benefit].

In this article the incidence and mortality for cancer of the colon and rectum in Iceland is discussed. The two most common screening methods, faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy are compared and an estimate of cost and benefits for the Icelandic society will be made. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum has been increasing in Iceland in last decades but mortality has decreased and survival improved.

Validation of the Hospital Frailty Risk Score in older surgical patients: A population-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: There is a need for standardized and cost-effective identification of frailty risk. The objective was to validate the Hospital Frailty Risk Score which utilizes International Classification Diagnoses in a cohort of older surgical patients, assess the score as an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes and compare discrimination properties of the frailty risk score with other risk stratification scores.

Methods: Data were analysed from all patients ≥65 years undergoing primary surgical procedures from 2006-2018.

Mapping Health-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosed with Malnutrition Defined by GLIM.

Patients with cancer deal with problems related to physical, psychological, social, and emotional functions. The aim was to investigate malnutrition defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in relation to health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in patients with head and neck cancer. This was a prospective observational research study with 273 patients followed at the start of treatment, seven weeks, and one year.

Thermal associated pressure-retarded osmosis processes for energy production: A review.

Climate change is an existential threat to global environments and human life. To achieve global mean temperature rise of below 1.5 °C, increasing utilization of renewable energy and minimizing CO₂ emission from fossil fuel industries have been emphasized by the United Nations.

Mapping impact factors leading to the GLIM diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background & Aims: In head and neck cancer, the combination of weight loss and elevated C-reactive protein levels means that patients have malnutrition as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). This study aimed to identify impact factors for malnutrition as defined by the GLIM criteria among patients with head and neck cancer at the start of treatment and up to 12 months post-treatment.

Methods: In a prospective, observational study, patient, tumour, treatment, and nutritional data from 229 patients with head and neck cancer were collected at the start of treatment and at three follow-ups (7 weeks after the start of treatment and at 3 and 12 months after the termination of treatment).

Mapping the frequency of malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancer using the GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition.

Background & Aims: Patients with head and neck cancer are defined as high-risk patients for malnutrition, but the inconsistent practice of diagnosing malnutrition is a barrier in comparing studies and in assessing patients in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of malnutrition over time in patients treated for head and neck cancer using the GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition.

Methods: Data from a prospective observational study on patients with head and neck cancer were used (n = 210).

Diabetic eye screening with variable screening intervals based on individual risk factors is safe and effective in ophthalmic practice.

Purpose: To test in a 'real world' diabetic eye-screening programme, a computer-based personal risk evaluation for progression to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Screening intervals were individualized, and clinical outcomes, safety and cost-effectiveness documented.

Methods: The RETINARISK algorithm was used in an ophthalmology clinic in Norway.

Preimplantation genetic testing legislation and accessibility in the Nordic countries.

Introduction: Assisted reproduction technologies are being rapidly developed and implementation of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has allowed patients with genetic disorders to initiate pregnancies while minimizing or eliminating the risk of transmitting these disorders to their offspring. Testing for numeric chromosomal anomalies has been proposed as a way to increase efficacy in assisted reproduction; however, this remains disputed. Legislation is lagging behind the rapid developments in this field.

Cumulative live birth rates after weight reduction in obese women scheduled for IVF: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Study Question: Did weight reduction in obese women scheduled for IVF increase cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after 2 years?

Summary Answer: Weight loss prior to IVF did not increase CLBR.

What Is Known Already: Few studies have investigated the effect of weight reduction in obese infertile women scheduled for IVF. In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), including one IVF cycle, we found no increase in live birth rate after weight reduction.

An explorative study on energy balance in patients with head and neck cancer.

: Involuntary body weight loss in head and neck cancer is common. Fundamental for weight loss is an energy imbalance where total energy expenditure exceeds energy intake.: To map energy intake and parameters of energy expenditure at the start of and after radiotherapy, and their relation to weight change, body mass index, and immune markers in patients with head and neck cancer.

No effect of weight intervention on perinatal outcomes in obese women scheduled for in vitro fertilization treatment.

Introduction: Large observational studies have shown that obstetric and perinatal outcomes are negatively affected in obese women. In contrast, a recent Dutch randomized trial of infertile women and lifestyle weight intervention found no difference between the weight intervention group and the control group in obstetric or neonatal outcomes. We have recently published a large Nordic randomized trial where obese women scheduled for in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment went through an intensive weight intervention treatment before IVF.

Experiences and coping strategies related to food and eating up to two years after the termination of treatment in patients with head and neck cancer.

The purpose was to describe how patients with head and neck cancer experience and cope with difficulties related to food and eating up to two years after the termination of treatment. One hundred and thirty-five patients were followed with thematically structured interviews. The patients' responses of nutritional issues were categorised using similarities and differences technique.

Comparing Swedish Foundations: A Carefully Negotiated Space of Existence.

Foundations and philanthropy currently play a very limited role in the Swedish welfare. The same is true in fields like Culture and Recreation or International Activities. Only in the case of funding of research do Swedish foundations exhibit a role possible to define in terms of substitution rather than weak complementarity in relation to government.

Weight reduction intervention for obese infertile women prior to IVF: a randomized controlled trial.

Study Question: Does an intensive weight reduction programme prior to IVF increase live birth rates for infertile obese women?

Summary Answer: An intensive weight reduction programme resulted in a large weight loss but did not substantially affect live birth rates in obese women scheduled for IVF.

What Is Already Known: Among obese women, fertility and obstetric outcomes are influenced negatively with increased risk of miscarriage and a higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications. A recent large randomized controlled trial found no effect of lifestyle intervention on live birth in infertile obese women.