Promising Probiotic Candidates for Sustainable Aquaculture: An Updated Review.

With the intensification of aquaculture to meet the rising demands of fish and shellfish, disease outbreaks during the larval and adult stages are a major challenge faced by aqua culturists. As the prophylactic use of vaccines and antibiotics has several limitations, research is now focused on sustainable alternatives to vaccines and antibiotics, e.g.

Biopolymer encapsulation for improved probiotic delivery: Advancements and challenges.

Probiotics, known for their health benefits as living microorganisms, hold significant importance across various fields, including agriculture, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Optimal delivery and storage of probiotic cells are essential to maximize their effectiveness. Biopolymers, derived from living sources, plants, animals, and microbes, offer a natural solution to enhance probiotic capabilities and they possess distinctive qualities such as stability, flexibility, biocompatibility, sustainability, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties, making them ideal for probiotic applications.

Sustainable Ornamental Fish Aquaculture: The Implication of Microbial Feed Additives.

Ornamental fish trade represents an important economic sector with an export turnover that reached approximately 5 billion US dollars in 2018. Despite its high economic importance, this sector does not receive much attention. Ornamental fish husbandry still faces many challenges and losses caused by transport stress and handling and outbreak of diseases are still to be improved.

The Effect of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics on Metabolism in Fish and Shrimp.

The present paper presents an overview of the effects of gut microbiota and probiotics on lipid-, carbohydrate-, protein- and amino acid metabolism in fish and shrimp. In probiotic fish studies, the zebrafish () model is the most frequently used, and probiotic administration reveals the effect on glucose homeostasis, anti-lipidemic effects and increasing short-chain fatty acids, and increased expressions of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and innate immunity, along with down-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Further, improved length of the intestinal villi and expression of nutrient transporters in fish owing to probiotics exposure have been documented.

Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy.

Streptococcosis, particularly that caused by and , is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the global sustainability of aquaculture development. Despite a wide spread of the disease in aquaculture, few studies have been directed at assessing the in vitro antagonistic activity and efficacy of medicinal herbs and other plants against streptococcal agents. Most studies of plant extractives against and have found antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those containing eugenol, carvacrol or thymol, are more effective.

Dietary supplementation of exopolysaccharides from GCC-3 improved the resistance of zebrafish against spring viremia of carp virus infection.

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortality of fish. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GCC-3 exopolysaccharides (GCC-3 EPS) on zebrafish () infected with SVCV and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Zebrafish were fed with a control diet or diet supplemented with 0.

Nuclease-Treated Stabilized Fermentation Product of Improves Growth, Non-specific Immunity, and Liver Health of Zebrafish ().

High-fat diets (HFD) are harmful to fish health. Probiotics are commonly utilized to improve fish nutrition metabolism, immune response, and health. Nucleic acids of the probiotic bacterium can be hydrolyzed by nuclease to generate nucleotides.

Excess DHA Induces Liver Injury Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota-Derived Lipopolysaccharide in Zebrafish.

Being highly unsaturated, -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are prone to lipid peroxidation. In this study, zebrafish were fed with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or 2% DHA-supplemented HFD (HFDHA2.0).

DHA Suppresses Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Zebrafish.

With the widespread use of high-fat diets (HFDs) in aquaculture, fatty livers are frequently observed in many fish species. The aim of this study was to investigate if docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be used to reduce the fatty liver in zebrafish generated by a 16% soybean oil-HFD over 2 weeks of feeding. The DHA was added to iso-lipidic HFD at 0.

Changes in immune genes expression, immune response, digestive enzymes -antioxidant status, and growth of catla (Catla catla) fed with Astragalus polysaccharides against edwardsiellosis disease.

The effect of four level of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) supplementation diets, (CD: control diet and three experiment diet (E), EA: 100 mg kg APs; EB: 200 mg kg-1 APs; EC: 300 mg kg APs) on growth, changes in haemato-biochemical parameters and metabolic-digestive enzymes, enhancement of antioxidant activity, innate-adaptive immune response, and cytokine gene expression were studied in catla (Catla catla) against Edwardsiella tarda. The healthy and challenged groups fed the CD displayed no mortality, while fish fed EA or EC revealed 10% mortality, but the mortality was only 5% in diet EB. Fish fed diet EB and EC revealed significantly better growth rates and high RBC count during the experimental period.

Dietary plant pigment on blood-digestive physiology, antioxidant-immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The current study addressed to investigate the effect of lycopene (LYC) on blood physiology, digestive-antioxidant enzyme activity, specific-nonspecific immune response, and inflammatory gene transcriptional regulation (cytokines, heat shock proteins, vitellogenins) in spotted snakehead (Channa punctata) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In unchallenged and challenged fish treated with 200 mg LYC enriched diet the growth performance and digestive-antioxidant enzymes increased after 30 days, whereas with inclusion of 100 or 400 mg LYC in the diets, the increase manifested on or after 45 days. No mortality in fish treated with any LYC diet against P.

Stabilized fermentation product of Cetobacterium somerae improves gut and liver health and antiviral immunity of zebrafish.

Probiotics are widely used in aquafeeds and exhibited beneficial effects on fish by improving host health and resisting pathogens. However, probiotics applied to aquaculture are mainly from terrestrial sources instead of the host animal. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the effects of stabilized fermentation product of commensal Cetobacterium somerae XMX-1 on gut, liver health and antiviral immunity of zebrafish.

Influences of spent coffee grounds on skin mucosal and serum immunities, disease resistance, and growth rate of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared under biofloc system.

The study was executed to find out the potential effects spent coffee ground (SCG) on Nile tilapia's skin mucosal and serum immunities, disease prevention, and growth rate reared in a biofloc system. Nile tilapia fingerlings (average weight 15.25 ± 0.

Impact of cinnamaldehyde on innate immunity and immune gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans.

The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CM) enriched diet on immunity and cytokine gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans is reported. C. striatus was uniformly divided into eight groups (n = 25 fish each) and fed with formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg CM enriched diet.

Modulation of growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture under biofloc system by supplementing pineapple peel powder and Lactobacillus plantarum.

Eight weeks feeding experiment was managed to evaluate the impacts of dietary addition of pineapple peel powder (PAPP) and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5 (LP) individual or mixed on growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunities, as well as disease resistance of Nile tilapia. Fish (average weight 20.91 ± 0.

Propionate induces intestinal oxidative stress via Sod2 propionylation in zebrafish.

Propionate and propionyl-CoA accumulation have been associated with the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we show that propionate induces intestinal damage in zebrafish when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The intestinal damage was associated with oxidative stress owing to compromised superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) activity.

Effect of chrysophanic acid on immune response and immune genes transcriptomic profile in Catla catla against Aeromonas hydrophila.

The effect of chrysophanic acid (CA) (2, 4, and 8 mg kg) on the immunity and immune-related gene profile of Catla catla against Aeromonas hydrophila is reported. In both control and treated groups fed with 2 mg kg (2 CA), the phagocytosis, hemolytic, myeloperoxidase content, and superoxide anion production decreased significantly between 6th and 8th weeks, whereas when fed with 4 mg kg CA (4 CA) the HO production and nitric oxide synthase increased significantly between 4th and 8th week. When fed with 2 CA and 4 CA diets, the total protein, bactericidal, and antibody titer increased significantly from the 4th week onwards.

The effect of fishwort (Houttuynia cordata) on skin mucosal, serum immunities, and growth performance of Nile tilapia.

The present study addressed the possible effects of fishwort (Houttuynia cordata) powder (FWP) on Nile tilapia's skin mucus parameter, serum immune response, and growth performance. Three hundred twenty tilapia fingerlings (average weight of 39.06 ± 0.

Effect of Diet Supplemented With Rapeseed Meal or Hydrolysable Tannins on the Growth, Nutrition, and Intestinal Microbiota in Grass Carp ().

Grass carp (; = 320) were received four different diets for 56 days. The experimental diets were: fishmeal (FM) containing 10% fishmeal (without rapeseed meal), and rapeseed meal (RM) containing 50% rapeseed meal (without fishmeal), and two semi-purified diets either without (T0) or with 1.25% (T1) supplemental hydrolysable tannin.

Effects of Assam tea extract on growth, skin mucus, serum immunity and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against Streptococcus agalactiae.

The present study aimed to assess the possible effects of Assam tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (ATE) on growth performances, immune responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae. Five levels of ATE were supplemented into the based diet at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg feed of Nile tilapia fingerlings (10.9 ± 0.

Antimicrobial and biochemical characterization of a C-type lectin isolated from pearl spot (Etroplus suratensis).

The present study reveals purification and characterization of a C-type lectin from the serum of pearl spot, Etroplus suratensis (Es-Lec). The Es-Lec was purified by affinity chromatography with mannose coupled sepharose CL-4B column and it exhibits single band with a molecular weight of 75 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The surface morphology of purified Es-Lec displays the homogeneous nature of protein.

Use of probiotics in aquaculture of China-a review of the past decade.

China is the largest aquaculture producer in the world. Antibiotics were extensively used to ensure the development of the intensive aquaculture; however, the use of antibiotics causes safety- and environment-associated problems. As an alternative strategy to antibiotics, aquatic probiotics have attracted attention.

Intestinal microbiome and its potential functions in bighead carp () under different feeding strategies.

Bighead carps () were divided into four groups with different feeding strategies: group A, nature live food only (fertiliser only, 200 g urea + 160 g ethylamine phosphate + 250 g Huangjintai bio-fertiliser); group B, nature live food + 1/2 formulated feed; group C, nature live food + formulated feed; and group D, formulated feed only. The intestinal microbiomes of the different groups were compared through the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The specific growth rate (SGR), survival and blood biochemical factors of the fish were also investigated.