Trait-Level Resilience in Pet Dogs-Development of the Lincoln Canine Adaptability Resilience Scale (L-CARS).

The concept of psychological resilience is well-explored in the human literature and is often described as the ability to 'bounce back' following adversity. However, it remains a neglected research area in dogs despite observations that like humans, dogs vary in their ability to cope with stress. This study aimed to develop the first canine 'resilience' scale.