DASCore: a Python Library for Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing.

In the past decade, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) has enabled many new monitoring applications in diverse fields including hydrocarbon exploration and extraction; induced, local, regional, and global seismology; infrastructure and urban monitoring; and several others. However, to date, the open-source software ecosystem for handling DAS data is relatively immature. Here we introduce DASCore, a Python library for analyzing, visualizing, and managing DAS data.

Efficiency evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic strategy combining high throughput quantitative antigen immunoassay and real time PCR.

Objectives: Laboratory testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has played an important role in the effort to prevent and contain local outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a new fully automated SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-based antigen assay (CoV2Ag) and to explore the efficiency of a diagnostic algorithm combining antigen and conventional high-throughput molecular assays to address potential future challenges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: One thousand two hundred and twenty four consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs were tested using RT-PCR and CoV2Ag assay.

Cognitive Phenotypes of HIV Defined Using a Novel Data-driven Approach.

The current study applied data-driven methods to identify and explain novel cognitive phenotypes of HIV. Methods: 388 people with HIV (PWH) with an average age of 46 (15.8) and median plasma CD4+ T-cell count of 555 copies/mL (79% virally suppressed) underwent cognitive testing and 3T neuroimaging.

Legacy effect on neuropsychological function in HIV-infected men on combination antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: To determine whether combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation alters the trajectory of cognitive performance in HIV+ men, and whether cognition prior to cART predicts postcART function.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Longitudinal 5-year prediction of cognitive impairment among men with HIV disease.

Background: Although combination antiretroviral therapy reduced the prevalence of HIV-associated dementia, milder syndromes persist. Our goals were to predict cognitive impairment of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) participants 5 years ahead and from a large pool of factors, select the ones that mostly contributed to our predictions.

Design: Longitudinal, natural and treated history of HIV infection among MSM.

Cross-sectional analysis of cognitive function using multivariate normative comparisons in men with HIV disease.

Background: Prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment in HIV disease vary widely. Here we used multivariate normative comparison (MNC) with identify individuals with impaired cognition, and to compare the results with those using the Frascati and Gisslén criteria.

Methods: The current project used data collected before October 2014 from bisexual/gay men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Double dissociation of HIV and substance use disorder effects on neurocognitive tasks dependent on striatal integrity.

Objective: Substance use is common among individuals infected with HIV, yet whether neurocognitive effects of HIV can be distinguished from more nonspecific effects of drug dependence and associated comorbidities is not known.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study of neurocognitive function among HIV-infected and uninfected individuals with and without substance use disorders (SUDs).

Methods: We compared the performance of 458 (31% HIV-infected) substance-dependent individuals (SDIs) and 90 individuals (23% HIV-infected) with no history of SUDs on measures of delay discounting and probability learning, tasks, which are differentially sensitive to addictive processes and HIV serostatus, respectively.

Midlife adiposity predicts cognitive decline in the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Objective: Obesity is a common, modifiable cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Among people with HIV, obesity may contribute to multisystem dysregulation including cognitive impairment. We examined body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (waist circumference [WC]) in association with domain-specific cognitive function and 10-year cognitive decline in men with HIV infection (MWH) vs HIV-uninfected (HIV-) men.

Neuropsychological changes in efavirenz switch regimens.

Background: Efavirenz is associated with side effects involving the central nervous system. However, it remains largely unknown whether switching off EFV improves neuropsychological performance.

Methods: We utilized data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

Elevated Depressive Symptoms Are a Stronger Predictor of Executive Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Women Than in Men.

Background: HIV-infected (HIV+) women seem to be more vulnerable to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) than HIV+ men, perhaps in part due to mental health factors. We assessed the association between elevated depressive symptoms and NCI among HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women and men.

Setting: Women's Interagency HIV Study and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Changes in cognition precede changes in HRQoL among HIV+ males: Longitudinal analysis of the multicenter AIDS cohort study.

Objectives: Despite treatment-related improvements in morbidity and mortality, HIV-1-infected (HIV+) individuals continue to face a wide range of HIV-associated medical and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Little is known about the impact of cognitive impairment on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To address this, the current study examined the longitudinal relationship between cognitive functioning and HRQoL among HIV+ individuals.

Association of Marijuana Use with Changes in Cognitive Processing Speed and Flexibility for 17 Years in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Men.

Background: The long-term effects of marijuana on cognition, particularly in the context of HIV is not clear, as extant research shows mixed findings.

Objective: To determine associations between current and cumulative exposure to marijuana and changes in cognitive processing speed and flexibility in 788 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 1,132 HIV-seronegative (HIV-) men followed for up to 17 years in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Results: Among HIV+ men only, current daily marijuana use compared to none-use, was significantly associated with a greater annual percentage decline in cognitive processing speed assessed with the Trail Making Test A (TMTA) (β=-0.

Intraindividual variability in neurocognitive performance: No influence due to HIV status or self-reported effort.

Introduction: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are estimated to affect approximately 50% of infected individuals at any one time. Dispersion, a type of intraindividual variability in neurocognitive test performance, has been identified as a potential behavioral marker of HAND; however, the specificity of dispersion to HAND and how it is influenced by participant effort when taking neurocognitive tests remain unclear.

Method: Data were analyzed from 996 (474 HIV-, 522 HIV+) men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).

High Number of Potential Transmitters Revealed in a Population-based Systematic Hepatitis C Virus RNA Screening Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: The proportion of undiagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in high-risk populations, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) is unclear. Identification of potential HCV transmitters is important to reach World Health Organization HCV elimination targets.

Methods: Between October 2015 and May 2016, we performed a systematic HCV RNA-based screening among HIV-infected MSM participating in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).

Differences in Cognitive Function Between Women and Men With HIV.

Background: Women may be more vulnerable to HIV-related cognitive dysfunction compared with men because of sociodemographic, lifestyle, mental health, and biological factors. However, studies to date have yielded inconsistent findings on the existence, magnitude, and pattern of sex differences. We examined these issues using longitudinal data from 2 large, prospective, multisite, observational studies of US women and men with and without HIV.

HIV disease and diabetes interact to affect brain white matter hyperintensities and cognition.

Background: Since the onset of combination antiretroviral therapy use, the incidence of HIV-associated dementia and of HIV encephalitis has fallen dramatically. The present study investigates the extent of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) among individuals with HIV disease, and factors that predict their presence and their impact on psychomotor speed.

Methods: A total of 322 men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (185 HIV-infected, age: 57.

Neuropsychological phenotypes among men with and without HIV disease in the multicenter AIDS cohort study.

Objective: Mild forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remain prevalent in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. This study's objective was to identify neuropsychological subgroups within the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) based on the participant-based latent structure of cognitive function and to identify factors associated with subgroups.

Design: The MACS is a four-site longitudinal study of the natural and treated history of HIV disease among gay and bisexual men.

Impact of glycemic status on longitudinal cognitive performance in men with and without HIV infection.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between glycemic status and cognitive performance in men living with HIV (MLWH) and without HIV infection.

Design: A prospective HIV/AIDS cohort study in four US cities between 1999 and 2016.

Methods: Glycemic status was categorized as normal glucose, impaired fasting glucose, controlled diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus at each semiannual visit.

Verbal and spatial working memory among drug-using HIV-infected men and women.

Working memory (WM) is a critical component of many neurocognitive functions. The literature has demonstrated consistently that WM impairment is more frequent and severe among substance-dependent individuals (SDIs) infected with HIV compared with uninfected SDIs; however, the SDIs who participated in these previous studies were primarily male. There are few published data on WM performance among HIV+ women with or without substance use disorders, and essentially no direct comparisons of WM performance between HIV+ men and women, regardless of substance use.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Seismic Monitoring of The Near Surface: A Traffic-Noise Interferometry Case Study.

Ambient-noise-based seismic monitoring of the near surface often has limited spatiotemporal resolutions because dense seismic arrays are rarely sufficiently affordable for such applications. In recent years, however, distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) techniques have emerged to transform telecommunication fiber-optic cables into dense seismic arrays that are cost effective. With DAS enabling both high sensor counts ("large N") and long-term operations ("large T"), time-lapse imaging of shear-wave velocity (V ) structures is now possible by combining ambient noise interferometry and multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW).

Cognitive trajectories over 4 years among HIV-infected women with optimal viral suppression.

Objective: To determine whether persistent viral suppression alters cognitive trajectories among HIV-infected (HIV+) women on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) by investigating performance longitudinally in uninfected (HIV-) and 3 groups of HIV+ women: those with consistent viral suppression after continuous cART use (VS), those without consistent virologic suppression despite continuous cART use (NVS), and those without consistent virologic suppression after intermittent cART use (Int NVS).

Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine VS, 220 NVS, 172 Int NVS, and 301 HIV- women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed neuropsychological testing every 2 years for 3 visits between 2009 and 2013. Mixed-effects regressions were used to examine group differences on continuous T scores and categorical measures of impairment (T score <40).

Perceived and post-traumatic stress are associated with decreased learning, memory, and fluency in HIV-infected women.

Objective: Psychological risk factors (PRFs) are associated with impaired learning and memory in HIV-infected (HIV+) women. We determined the dynamic nature of the effects of PRFs and HIV serostatus on learning and memory over time.

Design: Multi-center, prospective cohort study METHODS:: Every two years between 2009 and 2013 (3 times), 646 HIV+ and 300 demographically-similar HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women from the Women's Interagency HIV Study completed neuropsychological (NP) testing and questionnaires measuring PRFs (perceived stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms).

Effect of ageing on neurocognitive function by stage of HIV infection: evidence from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Background: The demographics of the HIV epidemic in the USA have shifted towards older age. We aimed to establish the relationship between the processes of ageing and HIV infection in neurocognitive impairment.

Methods: With longitudinal data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a long-term prospective cohort study of the natural and treated history of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the USA, we examined the effect of ageing, HIV infection (by disease stage), and their interaction on five neurocognitive domains: information processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, working memory, and motor function.

Association of long-term patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function among older men with and without human immunodeficiency virus.

Older HIV-infected men are at higher risk for both depression and cognitive impairments, compared to HIV-uninfected men. We evaluated the association between longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms and attention/executive function in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men aged 50+ years to understand whether HIV infection influenced the long-term effect of depression on attention/executive function. Responses to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale and attention/executive function tests (Trail Making Test Part B and Symbol Digit Modalities Test) were collected semiannually from May 1986 to April 2015 in 1611 men.