Central adrenal insufficiency following traumatic brain injury: a missed diagnosis in the critically injured.

Background: High-dose steroid administration is no longer recommended in the treatment of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) as it failed to prove beneficial in improving patients' outcome. However, a masked benefit of steroid administration in TBI management was that it provided corticosteroid replacement therapy in patients with TBI-related central adrenal insufficiency.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who suffered a severe TBI from a motor vehicle accident that resulted in complete deficiency of anterior pituitary function.

Management of non-neuropathic underactive bladder in children with voiding dysfunction by animated biofeedback: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of animated biofeedback and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercise in managing children with non-neuropathic underactive bladder (UB).

Methods: A total of 50 children with UB without underlying neuropathic disease, aged 5-16 years, were included in this study. They were randomly divided into 2 equal treatment groups comprising standard urotherapy (hydration, scheduled voiding, toilet training, and diet) with (group A) or without (group B) animated biofeedback and PFM exercise.