Cannabis and alcohol enforcement strategies across the U.S.

Objective: As the legalization of adult-use cannabis has expanded to include almost half of the states in the U.S., substance use-related enforcement responsibilities for state and local law enforcement agencies may have changed.

A Place of Last Drink Initiative: Effects on Various Types of Crime.

Background: Place of last drink (POLD) is a law enforcement strategy designed to decrease the service of alcohol to intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice).

Does a place of last drink initiative affect the likelihood of alcohol sales to obviously intoxicated patrons?

Background: Although the sale of alcohol to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice) is illegal in 48 U.

Does a Place of Last Drink (POLD) Initiative Affect Alcohol Serving Staff Attitudes and Perceptions Related to Overservice of Alcohol?

: One enforcement strategy used to address illegal sales of alcohol to intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice) is Place of Last Drink (POLD).

Place of last drink enforcement: Effects on alcohol-related traffic crashes.

Background: Binge drinking can result in various types of harms including traffic crashes. Bars and restaurants that serve alcohol to patrons who are obviously intoxicated (i.e.