Health-related behaviors and weight-related outcomes within sibling pairs: A systematic review.

Background: Siblings reciprocally contribute to mutual social and physical development. The aim of this review was to examine the health-related behaviors and weight-related outcomes within child-sibling pairs and to determine how these factors vary by sibling composition.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of studies published since 2000 obtained from MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Health and Wellness, and Science Direct was performed.

College Students' eMental Health Literacy and Risk of Diagnosis with Mental Health Disorders.

Background: This study investigated college students' eMental health literacy (eMHL), knowledge of common mental disorders and risk of being diagnosed with a mental health disorder and compared their knowledge of mental disorders and concurrent risk of diagnosis with high and low eMHL; Method: A total of 123 college students completed an online survey through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests; Results: eMental health literacy scores were higher when students had a history of prior mental health problems, were female, and graduate students. College students with high eMHL were more likely to recognize symptoms, recommend professional help, and be at lower risk for common mental health disorders compared to low eMHL students; Conclusions: eMHL was associated with mental health status and demographic variables.

eMental Health Literacy and Knowledge of Common Child Mental Health Disorders among Parents of Preschoolers.

The purpose of the study was to assess the eMental health literacy of parents of preschool children and explore the relationships between their eMental health literacy skills and their knowledge of common child mental health disorders and their child difficulties. Online survey data were collected using Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Parents of preschool children completed questionnaires related to internet-based mental health information seeking behavior, knowledge of common child mental health disorders using case vignettes, and child difficulties.

Depressive Symptoms and Influencing Factors in Low-Risk Mothers.

Introduction: Depressive symptoms burden not only postpartum women, but can also compromise partner relationships and mother-infant interactions. With approximately 15% of women affected by perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) each year, maternity care providers must be sensitive to personal characteristics and complaints that influence women's potential to develop postpartum depression (PPD). The purpose of the study was to identify personal characteristics and modifiable factors associated with depressive symptoms in low-risk postpartum women.

Health Consumers eHealth Literacy to Decrease Disparities in Accessing eHealth Information.

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived eHealth literacy of a general health consumer population so that health care professionals can effectively address skills gaps in health consumers' ability to access and use high quality online health information. Participants were recruited from three public library branches in a Northeast Florida community. The eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) was used.

Demographic, Social Support, and Community Differences in Predictors of African-American and White Men Receiving Prostate Cancer Screening in the United States.

Objective: To examine demographic, social support, and community factors from a national dataset that influence African-American (AA) and White men to receive prostate cancer screening (PCS) via the Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) or Prostate Specific Antigen Test (PSA).

Design And Sample: A cross-sectional secondary analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) provided the sample of AA (N = 377) and White (N = 971) men over the age of 40 years. Regression analysis with confidence intervals was utilized to examine the factors associated with AA and White men receiving PCS.

Identifying Health Consumers' eHealth Literacy to Decrease Disparities in Accessing eHealth Information.

The increasing amount of health information available on the Internet highlights the importance of eHealth literacy skills for health consumers. Low eHealth literacy results in disparities in health consumers' ability to access and use eHealth information. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived eHealth literacy of a general health consumer population so that healthcare professionals can effectively address skills gaps in health consumers' ability to access and use high-quality online health information.

A Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility of Group Exercise and Animal-Assisted Therapy in Older Adults.

This pilot study assessed the feasibility of incorporating animal-assisted therapy teams (ATT) into a 6-week group exercise program for older adults (77 ± 6 years). Fifteen participants were randomly assigned to an exercise with ATT (E+ATT; n = 8) or exercise only (E; n = 7) group. Groups exercised 3x/week for 45 min.

How parents make decisions to use medication to treat their child's ADHD: a grounded theory study.

Background: Despite evidence of efficacy, a substantial percentage of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) either do not begin medication prescribed for their core symptoms or fail to continue treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand (a) how parents decide to use medication to treat their child's ADHD and (b) the factors that influence their adherence to medication over time.

Design: Grounded theory guided data collection and analysis.

Factors influencing parental decision making when parents choose to deviate from the standard pediatric immunization schedule.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study focusing on the basis for parental decisions to refrain from the standard pediatric immunization schedule.

Design And Methods: The study was based upon open-ended qualitative items that were subjected to content analysis to identify the prominent themes cited by parents.

Results: The results of the study demonstrate the presence of a variety of continuing misperceptions regarding the risks represented by common pediatric immunizations.

An exploration of the relationship between knowledge and performance-related variables in high-fidelity simulation: designing instruction that promotes expertise in practice.

Increasingly, high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) is becoming essential to nursing education. Much remains unknown about how classroom learning is connected to student decision-making in simulation scenarios and the degree to which transference takes place between the classroom setting and actual practice. The present study was part of a larger pilot study aimed at determining the relationship between nursing students' clinical ability to prioritize their actions and the associated cognitions and physiologic outcomes of care using HFPS.

Cognitions and clinical performance: a comparison of high and low performing baccalaureate nursing students.

Studies to date have employed a variety of methods to elucidate the cognitive processes that underlie nursing actions in clinical situations. Most studies relied on clinical case scenarios rather than actual patient care situations, and did not supplement cognitive measures with quantitative measures of performance or physiologic outcomes of care. The present study employed a quasi-experimental design to describe and compare the verbal report data of baccalaureate nursing students who were assigned to high and low performing groups based on their ability to alter the physiological trajectory of the patient in a simulated task environment.

A study of the relationship of nursing interventions and cognitions to the physiologic outcomes of care in a simulated task environment.

This study, based on the Expert Performance Approach, examined the clinical nursing performance of participants who were introduced into a simulated task environment requiring them to administer care to a client experiencing an exacerbation of Congestive Heart Failure. This was undertaken to identify cognitive and physiologic variables that differentiate performance levels among participants. Data on participant actions and verbal reports were coded to characterize their relationship with physiologic responses of the Human Patient Simulator.

Cognitions associated with nurse performance: a comparison of concurrent and retrospective verbal reports of nurse performance in a simulated task environment.

Background: Cognitions represent the computations associated with human thought processes. Verbal protocols offer a method by which to record these processes. While concurrent and retrospective verbal reporting of cognitions have been used extensively within nursing and other domains, the use of this methodology in nursing has been characterized by inconsistencies in its application.

Down low sex, older African American women, and HIV infection.

The phenomenon of down low sex, wherein men involved in monogamous relationships with women seek extrarelationship sexual relations with men, has gained recognition in recent years. This study addressed the issue of down low sex in a group of African American women whose long-term sexual partners had become infected with HIV during extramarital sexual encounters with men. A grounded theory methodology was used to explore the experiences of 11 women in individual interviews that were sensitive to the intimate nature of their experiences.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and update.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, chronic, and pervasive childhood disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate activity level, impulsivity, and inability to sustain attention and concentration. Core symptoms of the disorder are associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning and often coexist with other psychiatric disorders, the most prevalent being oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. Concerns have been expressed about the overdiagnosis of ADHD, an upsurge in prescription of stimulant medication, and wide variations in practice patterns related to diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD among primary care providers.

Using deconstruction to educate Generation Y nursing students.

Nurse educators are obligated to use creative strategies to educate a post-modern generation of students who possess distinct characteristics, particularly related to teaching and learning. The complexity of today's health care system, related to changing sociological factors and the differences in this generation, gives reason to tap into the strengths of this generation and consider how a postmodern perspective can influence nursing and nursing education. Derrida, to whom deconstruction is attributed, approached postmodern philosophy as a form of textual criticism.

Diet and child behavior problems: fact or fiction?

Dietary treatment of children with behavioral disorders has had wide public appeal and been a source of controversy since the 1920's. Yet, to date, there is little empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of dietary restrictions in treating child psychiatric disorders, in particular, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, the purpose of this article is (a) to provide historical background information regarding dietary treatment in children with behavioral disorders, (b) review the evidence-based literature for common dietary interventions, (c) discuss limitations in the research, including challenges inherent in conducting well-controlled dietary studies, and (d) provide recommendations regarding how nurses in primary care settings can assist families in making informed decisions.

Factors influencing decision-making regarding contraception and pregnancy among nursing students.

The current nursing shortage, now referred to as a 'global crisis', is having a widespread impact on health systems around the world. In view of the international nursing shortage, the retention and matriculation of nursing students who gain entry to nursing programs is a vital facet of nursing education that has broad ramifications. Although enrollment in higher institutions in the United States has increased in the last two decades; graduation rates have not increased at the same rate.